64 



BOLIVIA. 



of a rapacious conqueror, they are merely the 

 dictates of a wise policy whose object is to 

 secure a lasting peace." The Peruvian gen- 

 eral, Canevaro, presided over a meeting at Mo- 

 quegna, and declared to the citizens there as- 

 sembled that he was tired of the war. 



On July 10th a crushing victory was achieved 

 by the Chilian forces, led by Col. Gorostiaga, 

 over the Peruvian partisan troops under Gen. 

 Caceres at Huamachuco. In this action 1,600 

 Chilian soldiers were engaged against over 4,000 

 Peruvians, the loss of the latter being 900 

 killed and many wounded, while the Chilians 

 lost 56 killed and 104 wounded, including four 

 officers. The Peruvians lost a number of offi- 

 cers, including Gen. Siloa, 11 pieces of artil- 

 lery, and 800 rifles. The action lasted from 6 

 A. M. to 2 p. M. As soon as the news reached 

 Gen. Lynch, the Chilian commander-in- chief, 

 he sent a message to President Iglesias inviting 

 him to Lima. 



Commander Lynch subsequently published 

 a decree calling on all officers formerly serving 

 under Caceres to appear at headquarters, or be 

 treated as spies. 



On August 10th Castro Zaldivar proceeded 

 from Lima to join Gen. Iglesias, in order to 

 undertake an important mission which the lat- 

 ter wished to put him in charge of. On Aug. 

 13th Iglesias issued a decree levying a capita- 

 tion tax of $1, silver, per head. 



Aug. 15th the Chilian commander at Hu- 

 ancayo chastised 3,000 pillaging Indians, and 

 killed and wounded 800 of them. Simultane- 

 ously a mutiny, broken out among Peruvian 

 troops in the province of Chan cay, was prompt- 

 ly quelled. On Aug. 20th Gen. Iglesias made 

 his entry into Trujillo, and was enthusiastically 

 received by the population. On Sept. llth the 

 citizens of Cafiete and the troops in the Paca- 

 ran district recognized the authority of Igle- 

 sias. On Sept. 15th the Chilian Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, Aldnnate, left Valparaiso on 

 his way to Callao to hasten the pacification of 

 Peru. Two days later the steamer Amazon 

 arrived at Payta with 600 Chilian infantry, 

 sent by rail to Sullam, and thence to Piura, 

 which place was occupied the next day. Sept. 

 18th, 3,000 monteneros were defeated by the 

 Chilians at Huancayo, leaving 200 killed and 

 wounded on the field. In the mean time news 

 was received from the department of lea that 

 peace reigned there. 



On Oct. 4th, 870 Peruvian officers submitted 

 to the Chilian authorities, and Puno was occu- 

 pied; on the 9th, Casma, a port of the Am- 

 cache district, declared in favor of peace. Ten 

 days subsequently the city guard was reorgan- 

 ized at Lima. 



On Oct. 20th the Chileno-Peruvian peace 

 was signed at Ancon, and on the 24th Gen. 

 Iglesias entered Lima as Presidente regen era- 

 dor, Gen. Lynch having prior to this left for 

 Barranco, near Chorrillos. On Oct. 28th Ad- 

 miral Garcia y Garcia was appointed Peruvian 

 minister in France and England. On the 29th 



Arequipa surrendered, and Montero fled to 

 Bolivia, where a cold reception awaited him. 

 Prior to his flight he resigned the command in 

 favor of Caceres. The Peruvian minister, Bus- 

 tamante y Salazar, left for Bolivia, and Gen. 

 Osma, the Peruvian Minister of War, went to 

 Arequipa. 



On Nov. 9th the Chilian army of occupation 

 was concentrated at Arequipa, and the Bolivi- 

 an army at Oruro the same day that the Bo- 

 livian envoy, Guijarro, left for Tacna to confer 

 about peace with the Chilian envoy, Lillo. A 

 week later Col. Lorenzo Iglesias, in garrison at 

 Lima, marched with an adequate force to Chic- 

 layo and Cajamarca, to quell an incipient ris- 

 ing. At the close of November a decree was 

 promulgated declaring null and void all official 

 acts of the Arequipa government from Jan. 1, 

 1883. This was particularly aimed at the Are- 

 quipa Congress of July, 1883. 



The President of the United States, in his 

 annual message of Dec. 4th, expressed himself 

 about events on the west coast to the follow- 

 ing effect : 



The contest between Bolivia, Chilij and Peru has 

 passed from the stage of strategic hostilities to that of 

 negotiation in which the counsels of this Govern- 

 ment have been exercised. The demands of Chili for 

 absolute cession of territory have been maintained 

 and accepted by the party of Gen. Iglesias to the ex- 

 tent of concluding a treaty of peace with the Govern- 

 ment of Chili in general conformity with the terms 

 of the protocol signed in May last between the Chili- 

 an commander and Gen. Iglesias. As a result of the 

 conclusion of this treaty. Gen. Iglesias has been for- 

 mally recognized by Chili as President of Peru, and 

 his government installed at Lima, which has been 

 evacuated by the Chilians. A call has been issued by 

 Gen. Iglesias for a representative Assembly to be 

 elected on the 13th of January, and to meet at Lima 

 on the 1st of March next. Meanwhile the provisional 

 Government of Gen. Iglesias has applied for recogni- 

 tion to the principal powers of America and Europe. 

 When the will of the Peruvian people shall be mani- 

 fested, I shall not hesitate to recognize the Govern- 

 ment approved by them. 



On Dec. 7th Gen. Lynch went to Chorrillos. 

 The declaration of the Chilian President, that 

 he would carry out the treaty with Peru in its 

 entirety, had meanwhile strengthened the po- 

 sition of Iglesias materially. But he still had 

 the Indian trouble in the interior to contend 

 with. These Indians, led by a few unscrupu- 

 lous men T were ready to adopt any pretext for 

 their crimes, although their real motive was 

 based upon their hatred of their so-called op- 

 pressors, inherited by their fathers from the 

 time of the Spaniards. This hatred is the 

 point that Caceres depended upon to win 

 power among them. He speaks the Quichua 

 language, which gives him great prestige among 

 them. Meanwhile Gen. Bermudez, the Peru- 

 vian commander, occupied Ayacucho, and the 

 Chilian envoy, Monte, went to Buenos Ayres 

 on Dec. 12th. The Bolivian peace commis- 

 sioners, Baptista and Bosto, arrived at Santi- 

 ago, Chili, accompanied by the Argentine and 

 Brazilian ministers. One of the conditions 

 contained in their instructions reads as follows: 



