BOLIVIA. 



BRAZIL. 



65 



On goods for Bolivia, Chili will take 20 per cent, 

 of the customs duties, and Bolivia the remainder; 

 railways to be constructed from Iquique to Lake Aul- 

 lagas, and from Mejillones or Antofagasta to Potosi; 

 the colonization of the country along the river Desa- 

 guadero to be effected, and the ratification of the 

 frontier line passing the Desaguadero river to the 

 Argentine line, Chili to permit the passage of Boliv- 

 ian troops through its territory in the event of a war 

 between Bolivia and a power not on her frontier. 



On Dec. 14th President Iglesias wrote to 

 Caceres, assuring him of his personal security, 

 should he feel disposed to capitulate. Puga 

 was beaten by the Peruvian Government troops 

 at Stollon, and Gen. Caceres took position with 

 2,000 men two leagues from lea. The United 

 States minister at Lima asked permission for an 

 American man-of-war to take soundings on the 

 Peruvian coast. 



Toward the close of the year 1883 the outlook 

 in Peru became quite gloomy once more, ow- 

 ing to C&ceres's continuing to play a double- 

 handed and treacherous game. While pre- 

 tending to wish to visit Lima, he incited the 

 Indians to plunder and murder. Two scenes 

 of savagery, as barbarous as those which oc- 

 curred during the mutiny in India, were enact- 

 ed in the region which he pretended to gov- 

 ern. The Chilians, adhering to the terms of 

 peace, declined to interfere. 



The slight reduction of the import duties, 

 after the departure of the Chilians, who had 

 raised them to 50 per cent., caused consider- 

 able disappointment and some discontent in 

 Peru. The finance minister of Iglesias re- 

 duced the duties from 50 per cent, to 35 per 

 cent., thereby causing a check on importation. 

 Many articles, formerly entering duty free, such 

 as agricultural machinery, printing-presses and 

 paper, etc., now pay a heavy duty. It thus 

 happened that, in spite of the pacification of 

 the country, buyers from the interior were 

 scarce at Lima, although there was a good as- 

 sortment of all sorts of merchandise. The 

 paper money current had nevertheless im- 

 proved at the close of December from fifteen 

 paper dollars for one silver dollar, to twelve 

 for one. 



Another great difficulty which President 

 Iglesias encountered was financial distress. 

 Letters received at Luna during the last week 

 of the year 1883 stated that, according to ad- 

 vices from La Paz, the Bolivian capital, the 

 national guard had entered on active service ; 

 three battalions had been pushed forward to- 

 ward the Peruvian frontier on the way to Tacna, 

 7,500 men were marching from the interior in 

 the same direction, and the regular army 

 8,000 strong was being concentrated at the 

 capital. It was added that these movements 

 might be interpreted as either to mean resist- 

 ance to a possible but not probable Chilian 

 invasion, or to effect a coup de main on the 

 Peruvian territories of Arequipa and Mollendo. 

 It was stated that the Peruvians of Arequipa 

 and Puno were so thoroughly convinced of 

 their danger that they had offered to form the 

 VOL. xxni. 5 A 



vanguard of the Chilian army should a march 

 on the Bolivian capital be decided upon. 



Finance. In August Gen. Campero, President 

 of Bolivia, read his message before the assembled 

 Congress in La Paz. He said that the expendi- 

 tures of the republic, during the fiscal year 

 ended, amounted to $3,300,528, while the in- 

 come did not exceed $2,527,515, leaving a defi- 

 cit of $803,012, to cover which a loan would 

 have to be made. He added that the scrupu- 

 lous punctuality with which Bolivia had at- 

 tended to the settlement of all her pecuniary 

 obligations had replaced the credit of the re- 

 public on a firm basis both at home and abroad, 

 so that there were not wanting overtures from 

 Europe for placing a Bolivian loan in that 

 market. It was at the same time said that great 

 activity prevailed on the banks of the Beni 

 river in gathering India rubber for export, 

 which commanded on the spot 70 cents Boliv- 

 ian silver coin, the cost of freight to San An- 

 tonio on the Madeira being 12 cents. A large 

 transit trade was also going on between Potosi 

 and the Argentine frontier. 



Commerce. Bolivian imports and exports in 

 1883 went almost exclusively via the Argen- 

 tine Republic. No official statistics having 

 been published, showing the imports and ex- 

 ports of Bolivia during the war, the amount of 

 goods which entered the country in normal 

 times has to be calculated upon the duties col- 

 lected at the custom-houses. According to 

 these, the import would not exceed $6,150,000, 

 while the export amounted to $9,381,917 in 

 1881, the bulk of it being silver, $6,897,130, 

 other metals, $1,136,787, and the balance cin- 

 chona-bark (quinine), India-rubber, etc. 



Telegraphs. There is a line from Chililaya, on 

 Lake Titicaca, to La Paz and Oruro, 183 miles 

 in length. It is intended to extend this line to 

 Cochabamba and Sucre. 



BRAZIL (Imperio do Brazil). (For details re- 

 lating to area, territorial divisions, population, 

 etc., reference may be made to the "Annual 

 Cyclopaedia" for 1878.) 



The Emperor is Dom Pedro II, born Dec. 2, 

 1825 ; proclaimed April 7, 1831 ; regency until 

 July 23, 1840; crowned July 18, 1841; mar- 

 ried Sept. 4, 1843, to Theresa Christina Maria, 

 daughter of the late King Francis I of the Two 

 Sicilies. 



The new Cabinet, formed after the resigna- 

 tion of the one presided over by Viscount 

 Paranagua, was, on May 24, 1883, composed 

 of the following ministers : President of the 

 Council of Ministers and Minister of Finance, 

 Senator Councilor of State, Lafayette Rodri- 

 gues Pereira; Interior, Francisco Antunes Ma- 

 ciel ; Justice, Francisco Prisco de Souza Para- 

 izo ; Foreign Affairs, Councilor Francisco de 

 Carvalho Scares Brandao ; War, Antonio Joa- 

 quim Rodrigues, Jr. ; Navy, Antonio de Al- 

 meida Oliveira; Agriculture, Commerce, and 

 Public Works, Councilor Affonso Augusto Mo- 

 reira Penna. 



The Council of State was composed of the 



