66 



BRAZIL. 



following members in ordinary : The Princess 

 Imperial, Donna Isabel ; Prince Gaston d'Or- 

 le"ans, Count d'Eu; the Senators Viscount de 

 Abaete", Viscount de Muritiba; Viscount de 

 Bom Retiro; Viscount de Nictheroy; Sena- 

 tor J. J. Teixeira; Vice-Admiral J. K. de 

 Lamare ; Dr. P. J. Soares de Souza ; Senator 

 M. P. S. Dantas; Councilor Martin Francisco; 

 Councilor J. C. de Andrade ; Senator J. L. V. 

 Cansansao de Sinimbu ; and of members ex- 

 traordinary : Senators Viscount de Parana- 

 gua ; Affonso Celso; L. A. Vieira da Silva; 

 J. B. da 0. Figueiredo, and Lafayette. 



The President of the Senate, which com- 

 prises 58 members elected for life, was J. L. 

 Lima Duarte; and the Vice- President, A. M. 

 de Barros. 



The President of the Chamber of Deputies, 

 with 122 members elected for four years, was 

 Councilor J. F. de Moura ; and the Vice-Presi- 

 dent, J. L. Lima Duarte. 



The presidents of the several provinces were 

 as follow: Alag6as, Dr. H. M. Salles; Ama- 

 zonas, Dr. J. L. da Cunha Paranagud ; Bahia, 

 Councilor Pedro Luiz P. da Souza; Ceara, 

 Dr. Satyro ; Espirito Santo, Dr. A. P. 1ST. Ac- 

 cioly; Goyaz, Dr. A. G. Pereira; Maranhao, 

 Dr. J. A. P. Ovidio; Matto-Grosso, Baron de 

 Bacovi; Minas - Geraes, Dr. A. G. Ohaves; 

 Para, Viscount de Maracaju; Parahyba, Dr. 

 J. A. do Nascimento; Parana, Dr. 0. A. C. 

 de Oliveira Ballo; Pernambuco, Dr. J. M. de 

 Freitas; Piauhy, Dr. F. P. Salles; Rio Grande 

 do Norte, Dr. F. M. Vianna ; Rio de Janeiro, 

 Councilor B. A. Gaviao ; Sta. Catharina, Dr. 

 F. 0. de F. Sonto ; Sao Paulo, Baron de Gua- 

 jara; Sao Pedro do Sul, Councilor J. J. d' Albu- 

 querque ; Sergipe, Dr. F. G. C. Barreto. 



The Archbishop of Bahia, the Rt. Rev. L. 

 A. dos Santos (1880) is Primate of all Brazil; 

 and there are eleven bishops : those of Para, 

 Sao Luiz, Fortaleza, Olinda, Rio de Janeiro, 

 Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre, Marianna, Diarnan- 

 tina, Goyaz, and Cuyaba. 



The Brazilian Minister Plenipotentiary and 

 Envoy Extraordinary to the United States is 

 Councilor Lopes Netto ; the Secretary of Lega- 

 tion, J. G. Valente; and the Consul- General 

 of Brazil at New York, for the Union, is Dr. 

 Salvador de Mendoaca. 



Temporary changes in the Brazilian legation 

 at Washington are said to be due mainly to the 

 disposition on the part of Brazil to serve the 

 interests of peace between Chili and Peru. 

 Senhor Netto, Brazilian minister to the United 

 States, left Washington for Chili about the 

 middle of August, with instructions to express 

 to the Chilian Government the anxiety of Bra- 

 zil to have a satisfactory peace established be- 

 tween Peru and Chili, and that he was author- 

 ized to act as a mediator to this end, if his 

 services were desired. Under his instructions 

 he is to remain in Chili for two years, and, 

 while there, is to attend to some pending Bra- 

 zilian claims. 



The United States Minister to Brazil is Hon. 



T. A. Osborn, and the Consul- General at Rio 

 de Janeiro, C. C. Andrews. 



Army. The actual strength of the army in 

 1883 was 11,333. The distribution of the sev- 

 eral arms was as follows: Artillery, 1,951 ; 

 cavalry, 2,140; infantry, 7,242; 2,149 more 

 soldiers would have to be enlisted to complete 

 the number fixed by law. The artillery counts 

 three mounted regiments, four foot battalions, 

 and one battalion of sappers ; the cavalry, five 

 regiments, one squadron, and four companies ; 

 the infantry, twenty-four battalions and eight 

 companies. 



Navy. -The navy, in 1883, consisted of seven 

 steam-ironclads, one steam-frigate, seven steam- 

 corvettes, sixteen steam-gunboat?, two sail of 

 the line, and two smaller crafts, with an aggre- 

 gate of 3,148 men, and a total armament of 

 123 guns. There was, besides, one school-ship ; 

 and one ironclad and five gunboats were being 

 built. 



The personnel of the navy consisted of 15 

 general staff-officers, 378 first-class officers, a 

 sanitary corps 68 strong, 91 pursers, 79 guar- 

 dians, and 181 engineers; an imperial marine 

 corps 2,922 strong, a naval battalion of 450 

 men, and 1,520 apprentices; total, 5,704 men. 



The Frontier Dispute. There is a long-pending 

 dispute between France and Brazil, concerning 

 the precise border-line between the French and 

 Brazilian Guianas, specially relating to the ter- 

 ritory between the Oyapok and Amazon riv- 

 ers. It seems that the Treaty of Utrecht as- 

 signed to France a portion of Guiana not 

 clearly defined, nor did the treaty of 1815 es- 

 tablish the boundary with any greater precis- 

 ion. These lands are isolated by one of the 

 branches of the Amazon in its delta, and are 

 represented as being quite valuable for grazing 

 purposes. 



Postal Service. The number of letters for- 

 warded by the Brazilian Post-Office in 1881- 

 '82 was 35,815,869, against 31,228,635 in 1880- 

 '81 ; the number of post-offices was 1,610. The 

 gross amount of postages collected amounted 

 in 1881-'82 to 1,513,872 milreis, and the ex- 

 penditure was 1,741,721 milreis. 



Railroads. The first railroad in Brazil, the 

 Macia, 18 miles in length, went into operation 

 on Dec. 16, 1853. There are at present 2,400 

 miles in operation and 2,200 being built. The 

 Government owns and administers several lines, 

 and, as a rule, guarantees an income of 7 per 

 cent, on the necessary capital invested in the 

 construction of private roads, i The number of 

 miles of railroad owned and in operation by the 

 Government is 800 ; and it also has nearly the 

 same number of miles of railroad in course of 

 construction. Most of the rails with which 

 the roads have been made were imported from 

 England, while a part of the rolling-stock was 

 brought from the United States. The roads are 

 surveyed and built almost wholly by Brazilian 

 engineers. 



Under the provisions of a recent law the 

 Government grants concessions to railroad 



