CHAMBERS, WILLIAM. 



CHAMBORD, COMTE DE. 103 



amount and number of works to which he 

 put bis hand and carried through successfully, 

 despite the infirmities of body and the perils 

 of uncertain health. He started for a vi.4t to 

 New York on the 13th of February, ^but, be- 

 fore leaving the cars, he was seized with what 

 proved to be a fatal attack. He was carried 

 to the residence of his brother-in-law, Mr. A. 

 Schenck, peritonitis ensued, and he died on 

 Friday, the 23d. 



Dr. Chadbonrne was a man of mark in many 

 ways. As a scholar of varied acquirements, 

 and an educator of rare skill and ability, he 

 has had few equals in his day. Activity and 

 zeal were specially prominent in his career, 

 and his experiences of life were multiform. 

 He was born in Maine, fitted for college in 

 New Hampshire, and graduated at college in 

 Massachusetts. He traveled extensively in his 

 own country as well as in foreign lands. His 

 life was full of adventure, of singular vicissi- 

 tudes, and of noble, memorable work. He 

 served four institutions of learning, three of 

 them as president. He led parties for scien- 

 tific exploration and research; he managed 

 large and important business enterprises ; and 

 he published a number of learned scientific 

 books. He was a theologian, too, of no mean 

 power, and his mind and heart were at rest in 

 possessing and enjoying those truths firmly 

 held by the denomination with which he was 

 connected. 



CHAMBERS, William, a Scottish author and 

 publisher, born at Peebles in 1800, died in 

 Edinburgh, May 20, 1883. At the age of thir- 

 teen, after receiving the education which the 

 schools of his native town afforded, he was 

 apprenticed to a printer in Edinburgh. Three 

 years later he opened a book-stall, and be- 

 fore 1832, when his brother Robert joined 

 him, he eked out the profits of a small trade 

 by working at case and press, and in 1830 pub- 

 lished his " Book of Scotland," an elaborate 

 and comprehensive account of the usages and 

 institutions, the schools, social system, and 

 civil and religious organization of that coun- 

 try. Previous to this time the brothers united 

 in preparing a " Gazetteer of Scotland," which 

 was written in the intervals of business and 

 published in 1832. In February of that year 

 appeared the first number of the " Edinburgh 

 Journal," designed " to supply intellectual 

 food of the best kind, and in such a form and 

 at such a price as must suit the convenience 

 of any man in the British dominions." It 

 almost immediately attained a circulation of 

 50,000, whereupon the brothers united their 

 business (Robert having also carried on a small 

 book-store) into one establishment. The " Jour- 

 nal " has remained for fifty- two years one of the 

 most widely circulated of British periodicals, 

 and is at present conducted by Robert Cham- 

 bers, son and nephew of the original found- 

 ers. In 1834 W. & R. Chambers began the 

 publication of a series of scientific and histori- 

 cal treatises, written in a popular style, under 



the title of "Information for the People," the 

 average sale of the numbers of which was more 

 than 100,000 copies. They were followed by 

 the " Biographical Dictionary of Eminent 

 Scotsmen " (1835) ; " Cyclopaedia of English 

 Literature" (1844); the "Popular Edition of 

 Standard English Works," "Papers for the 

 People," "Miscellany," "Repository of In- 

 structive and Entertaining Tracts," and other 

 similar collections all of which were in a 

 cheap form, and were widely read. " Cham- 

 bers's Educational Course," which has been 

 completed by degrees, includes works in al- 

 most every branch of knowledge, and was fol- 

 lowed by " Chambers's Encyclopaedia " (10 

 vols. 8vo, , 1860-'68; new edition, 1871-*72) 

 all of which were in whole or part edited by 

 William Chambers and his brother. The for- 

 mer contributed numerous essays to the "Jour- 

 nal," of which he was for many years after his 

 brother's death the editor, and gave his im- 

 pressions of the United States in a work enti- 

 tled " Things as they are in America " (repub- 

 lished in New York in 1854). He was also the 

 author of " Slavery and Color in America," 

 "Peebles and its Neighborhood," "About 

 Railways," " Wintering at Mentone," " Youth's 

 Companion and Counselor," and "Improved 

 Dwelling-Houses for the Humble and other 

 Classes in Cities," suggested by his experiments 

 in improving the dwellings of his tenantry on 

 his estate of Glenormiston, near Peebles. He 

 presented to his native town, at a cost of $150,- 

 000, a substantial building and an excellent 

 library, known as the " Chambers Institution," 

 and served two terms as Lord Provost of Edin- 

 burgh. In 1872 he published his last work, 

 entitled "Robert Chambers, with Autobio- 

 graphical Reminiscences."- The crowning act 

 of his long career was the restoration, at a 

 cost of $150,000, of the interior of the old 

 Cathedral Church of St. Giles, Edinburgh, to 

 its former state of grandeur. Three days be- 

 fore the cathedral was to be reopened with 

 appropriate ceremonies, the restorer was no 

 more. The publishing-house of W. & R. Cham- 

 bers is the largest in Scotland, employing more 

 than three hundred persons. 



CHAMBORD, Comte de (Henri Charles Ferdinand 

 Marie Dieudonne d'Artois, Due de Bordeaux), the 

 last of the principal line of Bourbons, and, 

 under the laws of the old French monarchy, 

 heir to the throne of France, died at Frohs- 

 dorf, in Lower Austria, Aug. 24, 1883. He 

 was born in the Tuileries, Sept. 29, 1820, eight 

 months after his father, the Due de Berry, son 

 of the Comte d'Artois, afterward Charles X, 

 was assassinated by a political fanatic. The' 

 birth of a prince in the continuation of the 

 elder line, the one which preserved, untainted 

 by any compromise with the Revolution, the 

 traditions and principles of the monarchy, was 

 hailed with ostentatious demonstrations by the 

 royalists. The infant received the surname 

 "Child of a Miracle," and was christened De- 

 odonatus, or " God given." A national sub- 



