CHILI. 



121 



on the summit of the Pic du Midi in the Pyre- 

 nees, 9,422 feet above the sea. Notwithstand- 

 ing that during the course, of the experiments 

 the direction of the wind and the state of the 

 atmosphere varied frequently, the proportion 

 was found to be constant, and to give as the 

 mean of a large number of observations 2*86 

 parts by volume of carbonic acid to 10,000 

 parts of air. 



A New Form of Phosphorus. Messrs. Ira Rem- 

 sen and E. H. Keifer, by distilling phosphorus 

 in an atmosphere of purified hydrogen and 

 condensing the vapor on cold water, obtained 

 a white phosphorus, differing very greatly in 

 appearance from ordinary phosphorus, which 

 floated on the water in a snow-white layer 

 about a quarter of an inch in thickness, and 

 which was changed to ordinary phosphorus 

 very easily, as by putting it into warm water. 

 The white phosphorus thus obtained is light 

 and plastic. If placed on a piece of bibulous 

 paper, so that the water is absorbed from it, 

 it gives off dense white furnes and melts, but 

 does not take fire, and is then nothing but 

 ordinary phosphorus. It dissolves readily in 

 carbon bisulphide, and melts at exactly the 

 same point as ordinary phosphorus, when it is 

 transformed into it. It thus seems to bear 

 the same relation to ordinary phosphorus as 

 flowers of sulphur to roll-brimstone. It is also 

 much less susceptible to the influence of light 

 than ordinary phosphorus. Bottger describes 

 another white phosphorus, which, however, 

 appears to be quite different from this. 



CHILI (Repnblica de Chile). The area of por- 

 tions of Patagonia and the Tierra del Fuego, 

 acquired by the treaty made between Chili and 

 the Argentine Republic, at Buenos Ayres, on 

 July 23, 1881, is estimated at 215,725 square 

 kilometres, which would increase the area of 

 Chili to 537,187 kilometres, without counting 

 the province of Tarapaca, ceded to Chili by 

 Peru in the treaty of peace made at Ancon, 

 signed Oct. 20, 1883, and containing the ensu- 

 ing stipulations : 



1. Peru cedes to Chili, forever and uncon- 

 ditionally, the department of Tarapac'a to the 

 Quebrada .de Camarones. 



2. The territories of Tacna and Arica will, 

 for a term of ten years, remain subject to 

 Chilian authority. At the close of this term 

 the vote of the people is to be taken in those 

 localities, and direct suffrage to decide whether 

 the same are to return to Peru or remain Chili- 

 an. In either case, the country to which they 

 will thenceforth be definitively annexed en- 

 gages to pay to the other an indemnity of 

 $10,000,000. 



3. Chili solemnly engages to carry out all 

 the clauses in the treaty relating to the guano 

 and nitrate-of-soda trade, and to pay over to 

 the creditors of Peru 50 per cent, of the net 

 proceeds accruing to the Chilian exchequer out 

 of the working of these two products, until 

 either the indebtedness is canceled or the de- 

 posits of said products are exhausted. Those 



discovered henceforward on the territory an- 

 nexed shall be the exclusive property of Chili. 

 Beyond this, Chili is not responsible for any 

 Peruvian indebtedness. 



4. As regards the island of Lobos, Chili is 

 to continue administering the same until the 

 expiration of the contract having reference to 

 the sale of 1,000,000 tons of guano. The island 

 shall then revert to Peru. Finally, Chili en- 

 gages to cede to Peru, upon ratification of this 

 treaty of peace, the 50 per cent, due the latter 

 out of the net proceeds of the Lobos island 

 guano-sales. The treaty to be ratified, and the 

 exchange of ratifications to be effected at Lima 

 within one hundred and eighty days from date. 

 Till then Chili is authorized to maintain in 

 Peru an army of occupation, toward the main- 

 tanance of which Peru engages to pay the 

 general-in-chief $300,000 silver coin monthly. 



A cable message, dated Lima, Jan. 8, 1884, 

 stated that this monthly indemnity would be 

 considerably modified in view of the financial 

 condition of Peru. 



A cable dispatch, dated Dec. 11, 1883, an- 

 nounced that the Bolivian commissioners had 

 arrived at Santiago, Chili, and that forty-eight 

 hours after their presentation a treaty of peace 

 was signed between Chili and Bolivia. A brief 

 sketch of the vicissitudes of the war in 1883, 

 and its close, will be found under BOLIVIA. 



On Jan. 1, 1882, the population of .Chili was 

 estimated at 2,223,434; a year later, at 2,239,180. 



The capitals of the provinces were counted in 

 1882, and the number of inhabitants set against 

 each is as follows: Santiago, 190,000; Val- 

 paraiso, 95,000; Talca, 19,000; Concepcion, 

 19,000; Chillom, 16,000; Cauquenes, 13,000; 

 Serena, 13,000; Copiap6, 12,000; San Felipe, 

 11,500; Curico, 11,000; Linares, 8,000; An- 

 geles, 8,000; Lebu, 7,000; Ancud, 6,000; Val- 

 divia, 6,000; Angal, 5,000; Puerto Montt, 

 4,000 ; and Punta Arenas, 1,000. 



The President of the Republic is Sefior Don 

 Domingo Santa- Maria, inaugurated Sept. 18, 

 1881, for the usual term of five years. 



The Cabinet was composed of the following 

 ministers : Interior, Sefior J. M. Balmaceda, in 

 office since April 12, 1882; Foreign Affairs 

 and Colonization, Sefior L. Aldunate, since 

 April 12, 1882; Justice, Public Worship, and 

 Instruction, Sefior J. E. Vergara, since Sept. 

 18, 1881 ; Finance, Sefior P. L. Cnadra, since 

 April 12, 1882; War and Navy, Sefior C. Cas- 

 tellon, since Sept. 18, 1881. 



The Chilian Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 

 ister Plenipotentiary to the United States is 

 Don Joaquin Godoy, accredited June 23, 1882 ; 

 the Chilian consul at New York is Sefior D.. 

 de Castro. 



The United States Envoy Extraordinary and 

 minister at Santiago is Dr. C. Logan, accredited 

 in 1882 ; the United States consul at Valparaiso 

 is Mr. Lucius P. Foote. 



Army. Don Benjamin Vicufia Mackenna in- 

 troduced a bill into the Senate creating one gen- 

 eral of division and two brigadier-generals, for 



