320 EPIDEMIC DISEASES IN 1883. 



EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. 



them directly to quarantine. These energetic 

 measures prevented the entrance of yellow fe- 

 ver into any port of the United States. As in 

 the previous year, all matters of quarantine 

 administration were managed by the Marine- 

 Hospital Service, a Bureau of the'Treasury De- 

 partment, of which the Surgeon-General is the 

 chief officer, who is responsible to the Secre- 

 tary of the Treasury. On the 16th of August 

 a local outbreak of the disease occurred in the 

 Pensacola navy-yard, and the outlying villages 

 of Warrington and Woolsey on the naval res- 

 ervation, the origin of which is still in doubt. 

 The Secretary of the Navy ordered a board of 

 inquiry to ascertain the cause of the fever, and 

 they reported as the probable cause that in- 

 fected ballast was used in building the jetties 

 at Fort McRae, workmen on which lived in the 

 village of "Warrington, and went immediately 

 from the jetties to their homes. The board, 

 however, declined to give any positive opinion, 

 but simply regarded it as probable that this 

 was the source of infection. Other causes of 

 infection are enumerated and given as possible, 

 among them the possibility of the hibernation 

 of the germs in infected goods left over from 

 the previous year's epidemic in the city of Pen- 

 sacola. 



A sanitary cordon was early established 

 against the naval reservation, which prevented 

 travel to or from the reservation during the 

 prevalence of the epidemic. The efficacy of an 

 efficient cordon sanitaire was once more dem- 

 onstrated, for no case of the disease appeared 

 outside the limits of the reservation. There 

 were a few separate cases of yellow fever in 

 the city of/ Pensacola, evidently developed 

 from infected bedding left over from the pre- 

 vious year, when a serious epidemic prevailed. 



As to the causation of yellow fever in gen- 

 eral, nothing has been developed within the 

 year, except the investigation of Dr. Domingos 

 Freize, of Brazil, who reports having discov- 

 ered the microbion of the disease ; that it is 

 developed in the corpses of the deceased; and 

 that it flourishes to a great extent in the earth 

 of cemeteries. Dr. 'Freize has recognized in 

 the blood of yellow-fever patients the crypto- 

 coccus, to which he has attached the name of " 

 zanthogenicus. The color of the black- vomit 

 he considers due to this cryptococcus. He has 

 produced the disease in Guinea-pigs and rabbits 

 by injecting the G. zanthogenicus. He advises, 

 as the best means of extermination, the build- 

 ing of public crematories, and that all persons 

 dying of yellow fever shall be cremated. The 

 Brazilian Government has approved his recom- 

 mendation, and a crematory has been erected 

 by order of the Imperial Government. 



Dr. Carmona Del Valle, of Mexico, also 

 claims to have discovered the germ of the dis- 

 ease, and has named it Peronospera lutea. He 

 finds its mycelium in the black -vomit, and 

 claims to have observed its development in the 

 urine. 



ERTSIPEIAS. See SURGERY. 



EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. The statistical 

 reports presented to the General Conference 

 of the Evangelical Association, at its meeting 

 in October, 1883, gave the following items: 

 Whole number of members, 120,231 ; increase 

 during four years, 10,458 ; number of preachers, 

 1,671; of churches, 1,622, of which the value 

 was $3,577,883; number of parsonages, 501, 

 having a value of $307,205 ; number of Sun- 

 day-schools, 2,131, with 135,795 pupils. 



General Conference. The General Conference 

 met at Allentown, Pa., October 4th. An ac- 

 count of the present condition of the Church, 

 and a review of its progress during the past 

 four years, were given in the address of the 

 bishop. The net gain in members had been 

 about 8 per cent., or 5 per cent, less than the 

 gain during the preceding four years, and 12 per 

 cent, less than the gain during the four years 

 from 1871 to 1875. The gain in the number 

 of ministers (itinerant and local) had been 

 about 8 per cent., the increase in the number of 

 churches a little more than 3 per cent., and 

 that in the number of Sunday-schools about 

 9 per cent. Much improvement was remarked 

 in the substitution of new church-buildings for 

 old ones ; and debts resting against churches 

 had been paid off to such an extent that all 

 the churches in some of the conferences were 

 free from such debts, and nearly all the others 

 were in an easy condition. The receipts of 

 the Missionary Society during four years had 

 been $384,086, or $103,404 more than those 

 of the previous four years. The work of 

 home missions had been extended to Texas, 

 where missions had been organized in Gal- 

 veston, San Antonio, and Temple, and to Den- 

 ver, Col. The receipts of the Publishing 

 House at Cleveland, O., during four years, had 

 been $767,007, or $169,097 more than those 

 of the previous four years; and those of the 

 Publishing House in Stuttgart, Germany, had 

 been $64,359. The Missionary Society em- 

 ployed 420 missionaries and supplied 427 

 mission charges, with which were connected 

 35,767 members; it also sustained 775 mis- 

 sion Sunday-schools, with 6,910 officers and 

 teachers and 47,230 pupils. Abroad the 

 society sustained missions in Europe, in aid 

 of the conferences in Germany and Switzer- 

 land, and in Japan. The two European con- 

 ferences employed 67 preachers besides theo- 

 logical students, and included fifty stations 

 with about 700 preaching appointments, and 

 an enrollment of 8,400 members, and 268 Sun- 

 day-schools, with 16,950 pupils. Three periodi- 

 cals were published at Stuttgart. The net 

 increase in members in Europe was small, 

 though the additions to the churches had been 

 many, because a large proportion of the con- 

 verts had emigrated to the United States. The 

 German churches had suffered much from the 

 opposition of the state churches. The mis- 

 sion in Japan returned 2 American preachers, 

 4 American woman missionaries, 3 native 

 preachers, 4 student helpers, 3 native Bible- 



