GEEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



415 



"No. 1," held communication with them, and 

 furnished them with weapons and liberal gifts 

 of money. Mr. Forster and Lord Oowper were 

 designated as the persons first to be removed, 

 and next Mr. Burke. The Invincibles, under 

 orders from " No. 1," lay in wait for Mr. Fors- 

 ter several days in the early part of March, 

 1882. Joseph Brady, a stone-cutter ; Timothy 

 Kelly, a coach-builder ; Thomas Caffrey ; and 

 Patrick Delaney, who shortly before the trial 

 had been sentenced to ten years' imprisonment 

 for another political crime the assault on 

 Judge Lawson were the four occupants of 

 the car in Phoenix Park on May 6th. They 

 were driven by a professional car-driver, Fitz- 

 harris, alias " Skin the Goat." Carey signaled 

 from another vehicle, and Curley had the di- 

 rection of the arrangements. It was intended 

 only to kill Mr. Burke, and Brady struck the 

 blow; but, when Lord Frederick Cavendish 

 struck him with his umbrella and called him a 

 ruffian, Brady followed after and stabbed him 

 also. 



Frank Byrne was apprehended in Paris, Feb- 

 ruary 27th. The English Government sought 

 his extradition, on the charge of complicity in 

 the Phoenix-Park murders, and then on a new 

 charge of complicity in the attempts on Jus- 

 tice Lawson and Mr. Field. The procureur 

 examined him, and on March 8th released him 

 from custody. He then went to the United 

 States, where Sheridan had found a refuge, and 

 whither John Walsh, thought to be the "No. 

 1 " of Carey's revelations, followed, after be- 

 ing arrested at Havre, and set at liberty. Ap- 

 plications made to the United States Govern- 

 ment for the arrest and extradition of Sheridan 

 were not entertained. 



The trials of the prisoners began with that 

 of Brady, on the 9th of April. He and Curley, 

 and the youth Timothy Kelly, who, with Bra- 

 dy, struck the fatal blows, preserved a bold 

 demeanor. With the evidence of Carey and 

 seven other informers the proofs were com- 

 plete ; though Kelly was held up as a martyr 

 who died rather than .betray his companions. 

 The three named, with Caffrey, Fagan, and 

 Delaney, were sentenced to death ; Fitzharris 

 to penal servitude for life, to which penalty 

 Delaney's sentence was commuted; Joseph 

 Mullet, for the attack on Justice Field, was 

 sentenced to the same; James Mullet, Daniel 

 Delaney, McCaffrey, O'Brien, and Moroney 

 were sentenced for ten years, and Thomas 

 Doyle for five. True bills for murder were 

 found against Walsh, Sheridan, and Tynan. 

 The latter was identified as the mysterious 

 "No. 1." Brady was executed on May 14th, 

 Curley on the 18th, Fagan on the 28th, Caf- 

 frey on the 2d of June, and Kelly on the 9th. 



Dynamite Plots. The secret orders of Irish 

 revolutionists, disappointed at the peaceful 

 issue of the Land-League agitation, and ex- 

 asperated by the rigorous repressive measures 

 adopted by the English Government in Ire- 

 land, were more active in 1883 than they had 



been for years. Bands of conspirators formed 

 in the United States as well as in the British 

 Islands. Since Ireland was too well guarded 

 they made England the scene of their plots, 

 the object of which was to terrorize the Eng- 

 lish people and Government, and keep alive in 

 Ireland the cause of national independence. 

 O'Donovan Rossa, in New York, had for a 

 year or more proclaimed the " gospel of dy- 

 namite," and threatened the destruction of 

 British ships and public buildings. On January 

 20th a tin box was found in Glasgow, which 

 exploded and injured five persons. An at- 

 tempt was made to blow up the gas-works in 

 that city. On March 20th a terrific explosion 

 occurred in the Local Government Board of- 

 fice in London. The explosive substance was 

 placed on a window-sill. The effect was sim- 

 ply to make a hole in the massive stone wall 

 of the building. A can of dynamite was placed 

 against the " Times " office, but was accidental- 

 ly overturned before it exploded ; an analysis 

 showed it to be identical in composition with 

 that found in Glasgow. After this all the pub- 

 lic buildings in London were guarded by night 

 and day. 



In April the organization which perpetrated 

 the dynamite outrages was unearthed, and sev- 

 eral of the most active agents of the conspiracy 

 were arrested. The evidence obtained left it 

 no longer a mere suspicion that the crimes 

 were connected with the threats uttered in 

 one of the American organs of the Irish revo- 

 lutionists, and that the plots were partly con- 

 cocted in the United States and the pecuniary 

 means largely supplied from thence. Infernal 

 machines had been known to be imported from 

 America. This time the explosives were pro- 

 duced in England. A man named Whitehead 

 rented a shop in Birmingham, where he osten- 

 sibly carried on the business of a paper-hang- 

 er and oil-merchant. Large consignments of 

 chemicals sent to him by neighboring manu- 

 facturers excited the suspicions of a police 

 officer. He bought glycerine in great quan- 

 tities from one firm, and strong acids from 

 others. The glycerine he said he sold to hair- 

 dressers and others. When the police ascer- 

 tained that his purchases consisted of the con- 

 stituents of mtro-glycerine, and saw that he 

 did no business in his shop, they first exam- 

 ined the premises in his absence, and then 

 arrested him for making and keeping an ex- 

 plosive substance with intent to commit a 

 felony. From Whitehead's shop the detectives 

 traced a young man to London, and learned 

 who were his associates. He was arrested 

 with a box in his possession containing 200 

 pounds of dynamite, which he had brought 

 the day before from Birmingham. He de- 

 scribed himself as William James Norman, a 

 medical student. A man named Gallagher, 

 who had in his possession nearly 900 in Eng- 

 lish and American notes, was next arrested, 

 with four others in London, and Gallagher's 

 brother in Glasgow. In Whitehead's place 



