448 



ITALY. 



ter I. Hayes; Superintendent of Public In- 

 struction, Edgar B. Farr. 



The Republican State Convention met at the 

 same place on the 27th of June, and adopted a 

 platform denouncing polygamy ; favoring pro- 

 hibition; denouncing the giving of railway- 

 passes to public officers ; favoring a protective 

 tariff; proposing a national Department of In- 

 dustry; favoring exemption from attachment 

 of soldiers' pensions, or homesteads purchased 

 there vyith ; calling for amendments to the 

 criminal code ; favoring legislation to protect 

 miners ; and approving the administration of 

 President Arthur. Messrs. Sherman, Manning, 

 and Akers were renominated for Governor, 

 Lieutenant-Governor, and Superintendent of 

 Public Instruction respectively. For Supreme 

 Judge, Joseph R. Reed was nominated. 



The Greenback State Convention also met in 

 Des Moines on the llth of July, and adopted 

 a platform favoring unrestricted coinage; op- 

 posing refunding of the national debt ; demand- 

 ing an income-tax; favoring civil-service re- 

 form; favoring a low tariff; demanding abo- 

 lition of the railroad commission ; demanding 

 equal political rights for all men and women, 

 and favoring prohibition. 



The following nominations were made: For 

 Governor, James B. Weaver; Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor, Sanford Kirkpatrick; Supreme Judge, 

 D. W. Church; Superintendent of Public In- 

 struction, Miss Abbie O. Canfield. 



A meeting of the Iowa Woman's Suffrage 

 Association was held in Ottumwa in October, 

 which put forth a platform, the most important 

 resolution of which was the following : 



That the votes of women are imperatively needed 

 to promote the interest of temperance, purity, and 

 peace, to give woman greater self- reliance, self-respect, 

 and personal independence, and to secure to woman a 

 " fair day's wages for a fair day's work." 



Election Returns. The election in October re- 

 sulted in the choice of the Republican ticket. 

 The vote for Governor was as follows: Sher- 

 man, 164,141; Kinne, 139,032; Weaver, 23,- 

 089; Sherman's plurality, 25,109. For Judge 

 of the Supreme Court the vote was: Reed, 

 163,325; Hayes, 141,061 ; Church, 21,447. For 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction : Akers, 

 165,873; Farr, 138,266; Canfield, 21,923. To 

 fill a vacancy in the 6th congressional district, 

 John C. Cook, Fusion, was elected by a vote 

 of 14,894 against 14,653 for Stiles, Republican. 

 The Legislature chosen at this election will be 

 divided as follows : 



ITALY, a kingdom of Southern Europe, con- 

 stituted in 1861, when Victor Emanuel assumed 

 for himself and his descendants the title of 

 King of Italy, and proclaimed the Constitution 

 granted by his father, Charles Albert, to Sar- 

 dinia in 1848. The executive power is vested 



in the sovereign, and is exercised through re- 

 sponsible ministers. The legislative power be- 

 longs jointly to the two houses of the legisla- 

 ture and the King. The Senate is composed 

 of an unlimited number of members, nominated 

 by the King, the conditions of their nomination 

 being the occupancy of an important office, 

 distinction acquired in literature, science, or 

 other honorable occupation, or the payment of 

 3,000 lire, or francs, in taxes annually. In the 

 Chamber of Deputies a member is allowed for 

 every 40,000 inhabitants. The deputies are 

 elected under the electoral law of 1882, which 

 introduced the scrutin de liste, by ballot, every 

 citizen over twenty-one years of age who pays 

 taxes amounting to twenty lire yearly, and can 

 read and write, being entitled to vote. The 

 lower ranks of officials and the ordained clergy 

 are ineligible. Senators and deputies serve 

 without pay. The number of senators in 1880 

 was 270, and the number of deputies in 1881, 

 508. Legislation can originate in either house, 

 but the Chamber of Deputies has the exclusive 

 right to vote money. The King, Humbert I, 

 born March 14, 1844, the eldest son of Victor 

 Emanuel, succeeded to the throne Jan. 9, 1878. 



The Ministry, formed May 29, 1881, is com- 

 posed as follows: President of the Council and 

 Minister of the Interior, Agostino Depretis ; 

 Minister of Finance, Agostino Magliani ; Min- 

 ister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Aifairs, B. 

 Giannuzzi-Savelli, who succeeded Giacomo Za- 

 nardelli May 25, 1883 ; Minister of Foreign Af- 

 fairs, P. S. Mancini ; Minister of War, General 

 Eduardo Ferrero; Minister of Marine, Vice- 

 Admiral del Santo, who in November, 1883, 

 succeeded Vice- Admiral Baron F. Acton ; Min- 

 ister of Public Works, J. Genala, who succeeded 

 Antonio Baccarini, May 25th ; Minister of Ag- 

 riculture, Industry, and Commerce, D. Berti, 

 successor to Carlo Miceli : Minister of Public 

 Instruction, Giambattista Baccelli. 



Area and Popnlation. The total area of the 

 kingdom is 288,539 square kilometres, or 114,- 

 296 square miles. The population, as deter- 

 mined by the census of Dec. 31, 1881, was 28,- 

 459,628, showing an increase in ten years of 

 1,660,274. The density of population was 248 

 per square mile. The population was divided 

 as to sex into 14,265,383 males and 14,194,245 

 females. The number of Protestants, as ap- 

 proximately determined from the declarations 

 of ministers, was in 1881 about 62,000, of whom 

 22,000 were Waldenses of the Vaudois. The 

 number of Israelites was about the same. The 

 number of strangers at the end of 1881 was 

 59,956, of whom 15,790 were Austrians, 12,104 

 Swiss, 10,781 French, 7,302 English, 5,234 Ger- 

 mans, 1,286 Americans, and the rest of Russian, 

 Greek, and other nationalities. 



The number of marriages in 1881 was 230,- 

 143; births, 1,116,379; deaths, 819,435; ex- 

 cess of .births, 296,944. 



The only colonial possession of Italy is the 

 Bay of Assab, on the coast of the Red Sea ; 

 area, 243 sq. in. ; pop. in 1881, 1,300 souls. 



