JAPAN. 



JEWELL, MARSHALL. 



457 



Silk. Yokohama silk-merchants resolved in 

 1883 to found in that port a silk-conditioning 

 establishment, after the Lyons (France) pat- 

 tern, at a cost of $30,000, an experienced in- 

 spector to be engaged in France, and to re- 

 $1 per bale inspected. The Government 



ivo 



has been asked for aid to the extent of $511, 

 000, to be spent in premiums to be awarded to 

 the producers of the best silk. 



Commerce. The ensuing tabular statement 

 exhibits the foreign-trade movement in Japan 

 during 1882 : 



In 1882 Yokohama exported silk, 2,585,069 

 >unds, against 1,801,180 in 1881 ; tea, 14,- 

 J15,763 pounds, against 14,980,894; and im- 

 )rted twist, 20,222,208 pounds, against 24,- 

 J7,210 in 1881 ; and woolens, 5,221,402 yards, 

 linst 8,147,599 yards ; cotton goods, 42,534,- 

 yards, against 29,775,592; petroleum, 9,- 

 )7,925 gallons, against 4,616,855 ; and sugar, 

 ,140,026 pounds, against 41,062,918. 



AMERICAN TRADE WITH JAPAN. 



While the general import from Japan into 

 the United States, and particularly of tea, has 

 been on the whole steady, that of raw silk has 

 doubled in a few years. The domestic export 

 to Japan has fluctuated widely, because the 

 Japanese market is easily overloaded with mer- 

 chandise of all kinds from all quarters, causing 

 at times a sudden check to importation, on 

 account of heavy losses in Japan on imports. 

 American goods have not been exempt from 

 these influences. Instead of merchandise, the 

 United States shipped, in 1881, $2,468,535 spe- 

 cie, to pay for tea and silk ; the next year only 

 $453,362 specie, because it was then more prof- 

 itable to ship goods on a bare market. 



JEWELL, Marshal], an American merchant and 

 statesman, born in "Winchester, N". H., Oct. 20, 

 1825 ; died in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 10, 1888. 

 His father was a tanner and currier, and Mar- 

 shall, after receiving a fair education, became 

 an apprentice in his establishment. Thence he 

 went to Boston, where he studied electricity, 

 especially in its application to telegraphy. After 

 leaving Boston, he became a telegraphic oper- 

 ator in Rochester, N. Y. Being of a somewhat 

 roving disposition, he went next to Akron, O., 

 thence to Columbia, Tenn., and thence to Jack- 

 son, Miss., when, at the age of twenty -three, 

 he superintended the construction of telegraph 

 lines between Louisville and New Orleans. The 

 next year, 1849, he became general superin- 

 tendent of the New York and Boston Telegraph 

 lines, but gave it up in order to join his father 

 in manufacturing leather belting at Hartford. 

 The business prospered, and on the death of 

 his father, not long after, he became head of 

 the firm of Marshall Jewell & Co. 



In 1859 Mr. Jewell visited Europe and made 

 a careful inspection of the tanneries in England 

 and France. He repeated his visit the follow- 

 ing year, and with good results. Going abroad- 

 again, in 1865, he occupied a year in traveling, 

 including a trip to parts of Asia and Africa. 



Mr. Jewell's political career was begun in 

 1868, at which time he was a candidate for 

 Governor of Connecticut, on the Republican 

 ticket. He was elected, and served from 

 May, 1869, to May, 1870. He was elected a 



