LITERATURE, AMERICAN, IN 1883. (RELIGION.) 



485 



livened before the Concord School of Phi- 

 losophy in July, 1882. Other works of some 

 interest were " Evolution," by R. C. Adams 

 (G. P. Putnam's Sons) : " Evolution and 

 Christianity," by J. F. Yorke (Henry Holt 

 & Co.) ; " Philosophy and Christianity," by G. 

 8. Morris (Carter & Brothers) ; and u Dynamic 

 Sociology," by L. F. Ward (D. Appleton & Co.). 

 The most notable of foreign works in this 

 department of thought reissued in the United 

 States was Dr. Henry Maudsley's " Body and 

 Will " (D. Appleton & Co.). As an exposition 

 of scientific materialism it must take a high 

 rank, though the logic of the author leads to 

 a dreary pessimism. Two works by the well- 

 known French metaphysician, Paul Janet, en- 

 titled " Final Causes " and " Theory of Morals " 

 (Charles Scribner's Sons), were also among the 

 important contributions of the year to philoso- 

 phy. The author finds the rationale for the 

 notion of final cause in the contemplation of 

 the moral order of the human mind. In his 

 theory of ethics M. Janet agrees with Bentham 

 and Herbert Spencer, in assuming that the 

 moral sense presupposes an experience of 

 pleasure or advantage to be derived from 

 virtuous action, but goes further, and asserts 

 with Kant that the autonomy of the will must 

 finally legislate over the moral world. The 

 seventh volume of " Philosophic Classics for 

 English Readers " introduces us to a study of 

 " Hegel " by Prof. Edward Caird (J. B. Lip- 

 pincott & Co.). It was edited for American 

 publication by William Knight, LL. D. "Spi- 

 >za's Ethics," translated from the Latin 

 William Hale White (Scribner & Welford), 

 accompanied by a critical dissertation and 

 rings a little-known but great thinker with- 

 the reach of American readers. 

 Religion. The works issued in the depart- 

 lent of theology and religion included many 

 )lumesof sermons and biblical commentaries, 

 nly a few of the latter, such as can be re- 

 irded as important contributions to religious 

 idy, will be mentioned. Dr. G. T. Ladd's 

 Doctrine of Sacred Scriptures" (Charles 

 jribner's Sons) was a scholarly and able state- 

 lent of the orthodox deductions ; " Grounds 



* Theistic and Christian Belief," by Dr. G. P. 

 r isher (Charles Scribner' 3 Sons), presented the 

 ^ of religion as against agnosticism ; "Cri- 

 tique of Design- Arguments," by Dr. L. E. Hicks 

 (Charles Scribner's Sons), covered the ground 



* natural theology very fully; Baker's "Ten 

 leophauies " (Houghton, Mifflin, & Co.) gave 



historical study of the appearances of di- 

 nnity to man as revealed in the religions 

 )f the world; Vol. II of Dr. Philip Schaff's 

 History of the Christian Church " (Charles 

 3ribner's Sons) was devoted to the ante- 

 Ticene period of Christianity, A. D. 100-325. 

 r rom the same publishers, and under the edi- 

 )rial supervision of the same author, came 

 r ols. IV and V of the " International Revision 

 >mmentary on the New Testament." Dr. 

 3haff, in connection with Rev. Dr. J. Fulton, 



also edited the " Index Canonum " (E. & J. B. 

 Young & Co.), being the Greek text, with a 

 translation and a complete digest of the code 

 of canon law of the early Christian Church 

 before it was divided. The editorial labor of 

 Dr. Schaff also appeared in the " Companion to 

 the Greek Testament and the Ecglish Version " 

 (Harper & Brothers) ; Schermerhorn's " Sa- 

 cred Scriptures of the World " (G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons) is a study of the sacred books of the 

 great religions. Religious histories of consid- 

 erable interest were issued in Allen's " Chris- 

 tian History in the Three Great Periods," and 

 Part II of Rev. James Freeman Clarke's "Ten 

 Great Religions," devoted to a comparison of all 

 religions (Houghton, Mifflin, & Co.). Charles 

 Nordhoff 's "God and the Future Life" (Harper 

 & Brothers) discussed the theory of Christian 

 immortality. The " Scriptural Idea of Man," 

 by Dr. Mark Hopkins (Charles Scribner's Sons), 

 describes its contents accurately in the title. 

 "Jesus, the World's Saviour," by Dr. Lorimer 

 (S. C. Griggs & Co.), was a popular exposition 

 of the theology of the Atonement. "Molinos, 

 the Quietist," by John Bigelow (Charles Scrib- 

 ner's Sons), sketched the career of a remarkable 

 figure in the mediaeval Church ; and " Golden 

 Thoughts, by Miguel Molinos," was the title of 

 a collection from the teachings of the same re- 

 ligious enthusiast, published by the same firm. 

 P. C. Mozoomdar's " Oriental Christ " (George 

 H. Ellis) presented the views of a Hindoo think- 

 er on Christology in a singularly suggestive 

 manner. " The Philosophical Basis of Theism," 

 by Dr. Samuel Harris (Charles Scribner's Sons), 

 was an examination of the personality of man 

 with reference to his capacity to know and 

 serve God. Bishop Samuel Harris's " Relation 

 of Christianity to Civil Society " (Bohlen Lec- 

 tures for 1883) was a valuable contribution to 

 current religious discussion (T. Whittaker). 

 The works of the Rev. Orville Dewey, the cel- 

 ebrated Unitarian preacher, including a new 

 life, were issued by the American Unitarian 

 Association. Rabbi J. M. Wise was the author 

 of " Judaism and Christianity," and of " Moses, 

 the Man and Statesman " (Bloch & Co.). From 

 Dr. J. H. Green came a study of Old Testa- 

 ment history, also under the title of "Moses 

 and the Prophets " (Robert Carter & Brothers). 

 The last volume of " Yale Lectures on Preach- 

 ing," delivered annually in the Divinity Course 

 at Yale College, was by President E. G. Rob- 

 inson (Henry Holt & Co.). 



In Dr. James Strong's " Irenics " (Phillips & 

 Hunt), a series of six volumes, the theologian 

 attempted to show the virtual agreement be- 

 tween science and the Bible, Nature and the 

 supernatural, the divine and the human in- 

 Scripture, the Old and New -Testament, Cal- 

 vinism and Arminianism, and divine benev- 

 olence and future punishment. " Bible The- 

 ology and Modern Thought " is the title of a 

 work by T. L. Townsend (Lee & Shepard), 

 setting forth the relative position of these two 

 great forces in the conflict of modern opinion. 



