LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1883. 



LOUISIANA. 



493 



lish Bibliography," has reached its eighth vol- 

 ume. 



Russia. In the early part of 1883 Tourgu6- 

 nief, the great Russian writer, published his 

 last two contributions to literature, "Poetry 

 in Prose" and "Clara Militch." His death 

 caused wide-spread lamentation, not only in 

 his native land, but everywhere where his 

 genius and wonderful power have been felt 

 and recognized. Among living writers of ro- 

 mance and fiction, Stchedrin and Garshin have 

 produced a number ot excellent novels and 

 tales; but besides these there has been hardly 

 anything published which is above mediocrity. 

 In poetry and the drama nothing of moment 

 has been produced; but in the domain of sci- 

 ence better results have been attained. Church 

 ristory has been enriched by the publication of 

 number of works, especially the twelfth and 

 volume of the "History of the Russian 

 Church," by the late Metropolitan of Moscow, 

 " lakary. The Imperial Russian Historical So- 

 3iety has issued four more volumes of its 

 'Transactions" (vols. 35 to 38), in which is 

 mtained a large amount of interesting and 

 valuable matter. History in general has been 

 irgely cultivated ; and anthropology has been 

 Imirably treated in a work by Ziber, entitled 

 'Sketches of Primitive Economic Culture." 

 >cial science and legal subjects have been 

 reated of with more than usual fullness this 

 rear; and art, archaeology, and ethnography 

 lave received their full share of attention, 

 ilso, numerous books of travel have appeared, 

 id the contributions to geographical science 

 ive been of especial value. 

 Spain. The number and variety of books 

 printed in Spain this year were unusually large, 

 )th original and translated, in the departments 

 )f science and letters. F. Picatoste has pub- 

 shed a "Popular Dictionary of the Spanish 

 iguage," and R. Barcias has completed the 

 ifth and last volume of his " Complete Etymo- 

 Dictionary of the Spanish Language." 

 rovincial history has been freely cultivated, 

 of Leon, Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, etc. 

 The dialects, too, have excited much attention, 

 ich as the Provencal in the east, the Gallego 

 ad Bable in the west, and the Basque in the 

 lorth, and a number of works in relation to 

 lese has been published. Light literature, in 

 way of novels, poetry, humorous works, 

 tc., has considerably improved. Alarcon, Va- 

 jra, Galdos, Gonzalez, and many others, have 

 at work, with good success. Additions 

 the drama have been few, but the lower 

 iramatic art, called juguetes comicos, a sort of 

 composition resembling the French vaudeville, 

 has become more in vogue than ever. The 

 Royal Geographical Society has labored dili- 

 gently, and its fourteenth volume of Transac- 

 tions has appeared. The text-printing soci- 

 eties in the Peninsula have brought out a num- 

 ber of important works. Among these are 

 Vol. II of "Cancionero General," "El Cultu 

 Sevillano," " Documentos Ine'ditos para la His- 



toria de Espafia," together with photo-litho- 

 graphic reproductions of books printed in the 

 fifteenth century. 



Sweden. Literary activity in Sweden this 

 year has been steady and fairly productive. 

 An original work on Shakespeare has appeared, 

 which is much praised by the critics; and Teg- 

 ner's G. M. Armfelt, "the Northern Alcibi- 

 ades," the favorite of Gustavus III, is already 

 rated as a standard on this topic. In history, 

 several competent workers have produced good 

 fruit, and illustrated books have attained great 

 popularity. The most proli6c and gifted of the 

 younger Swedish poets is Strindberg; he has 

 furnished his countrymen with a collection of 

 lyrics, which are largely satirical and manifest 

 much originality. Dramatic literature, novels, 

 essays, tales, poetical anthologies, and the like, 

 have been quite numerous, and have met with 

 gratifying success. Nordenskiold has published 

 the second and third volumes of his work, con- 

 taining the scientific observations made by the 

 Vega expedition. Among scientific produc- 

 tions may be named here Prof. Mittag-Leffler's 

 "Acta Mathematica," and the conclusion of 

 the famous posthumous work of Elias Fries, 

 entitled " Icones Selectee." To these should 

 be added Ridqvist's great work, " The Laws of 

 the Swedish Language," the first volume ot 

 which appeared some thirty years ago ; and a 

 collection of the philosophical writings of the 

 eminent Swedish philosopher, J. C. Bostrom. 

 The beautiful heraldic work by Klingspor, en- 

 titled " Baltisches Wappenbuch," is completed, 

 and has excited universal admiration. 



LOUISIANA. State Government The follow- 

 ing were the State officers during the year : 

 Governor, Samuel D. McEnery, Democrat ; 

 Secretary of State, "William A. Strong; Treas- 

 urer, E. A. Burke ; Auditor, Allen Jumel ; 

 Attorney-General, John C. Egan ; Adjutant- 

 General, P. G. T. Beauregard ; Superintendent 

 of Public Instruction, E. H. Fay ; Register 

 of Lands, J. G. Richardson ; Commissioner of 

 Agriculture and Immigration, W. H. Harris. 

 Judiciary Supreme Court : Chief-Justice. Ed- 

 ward Bermudez; Associate Justices, Felix P. 

 Poche, Robert B. Todd, Thomas C. Manning, 

 and Charles E. Fenner. 



Legal Decisions. On the 5th of March, decis- 

 ions were rendered by the Supreme Court of 

 the United States in several cases affecting the 

 State. The allied cases of the State of New 

 Hampshire and the State of New York against 

 the State of Louisiana were original actions to 

 enforce the payment of consolidated bonds of 

 Louisiana. The Legislatures of the plaintiff 

 States had passed acts permitting their respect- 

 ive Attorney-Generals to bring suit upon such- 

 bonds as should be assigned -to the State by 

 citizens thereof. 



Chief-Justice Waite quotes the eleventh 

 amendment to. the Constitution, which pro- 

 vides that the "judicial power of the United 

 States shall not be construed to extend to any 

 suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted 



