548 



MONTENEGRO. 



Indians.' The Governor recommends the cur- 

 tailment of the Indian reservations, which com- 

 prise nearly two fifths of the Territory, while 

 the Indians number not more than 18,000. 

 " Besides the matter of cutting down the In- 

 dian reservations," he says, u a heavy and press- 

 ing duty rests upon the General Government 

 for their support and education. The great 

 body of the Blackfeet, North Piegans, Assinna- 

 boines, and Gros Ventres are even in a half- 

 starved condition, owing to the failure and dis- 

 appearance of the buffalo and other large game. 

 These Indians must be supplied before spring, 

 or they will have to choose the alternative of 

 starvation or stealing the white man's cattle. 

 They should be placed on smaller reservations, 

 and be recompensed for the lands surrendered 

 by supplies of stock, cattle and sheep in parti- 

 cular. The Flatheads on the Jocko reserva- 

 tion are well advanced in civilization and to- 

 ward self-support. The disappearance of the 

 larger game and the want already experienced 

 make these Indians willing to exchange land 

 for cattle, and anxious to cultivate the land." 



Mormons* There is a settlement in Deer Lodge 

 county, and another in Gallatin county, of 

 monogamic Mormons, expelled from Utah for 

 their apostasy. Their numbers are small, they 

 are industrious, good citizens, and they seek no 

 proselytes ; and their children, growing up un- 

 der the training of the schools and in associa- 

 tion with the citizens of the Territory, rise 

 above and drift away from Mormonism. 



MONTENEGRO (pern agora, "Black Mount- 

 ain "), a principality in eastern Europe. The 

 government is an absolute monarchy. The 

 legislative and executive powers, and the con- 

 trol of the revenue, remain practically in the 

 hands of the Prince, though organic statutes 

 of 1852, 1855, and 3879 introduced the repre- 

 sentative principle in the form of a legislative 

 body, called the State Council, of eight mem- 

 bers, one half elected by the male inhabitants 

 who bear arms or have done military service. 

 The throne is hereditary by male primogeni- 

 ture in the family of Petrovich Njegos, who 

 liberated the country from the Turks, and was 

 proclaimed Vladika, or Prince-Bishop, in 1697. 

 Danilo I, who succeeded his uncle, Prince 

 Peter, the celebrated poet and reformer, in 

 1851, abandoned the title of Vladika, and as- 

 sumed that of Hospodar. He was assassinated, 

 Aug. 13, 1860, and was succeeded by Nicholas 

 I, the present reigning Prince. The inhabit- 

 ants of Montenegro are divided into forty 

 tribes, each governed by elected elders and a 

 chief, called the Knjas, who acts as judge, and 

 in time of war is the military commander. By 

 the administrative statute of 1879, the country 

 was divided into eighty districts and five mili- 

 tary commands. There is no standing army, 

 except the Prince's body-guard of one hundred 

 men ; but in case of war all Montenegrins are 

 soldiers from the time when they can first bear 

 arms until they have no more strength. The 

 military population is divided into companies 



of a hundred men. Each military district fur- 

 nishes a battalion, or two if it has more than 

 eleven companies. The ministers are the sov- 

 ereign's appointees on the Council of State. 



Statistics. The area is about 3 r 470 square 

 miles. The population is officially reported as 

 236,000. With the exception of about 4,000 

 Catholics and as many Mohammedans, the 

 people are adherents of the Greek Orthodox 

 Church. There are about 2,000 Montenegrins 

 in Austria, Turkey, and Russia, and a small 

 number in Alexandria and San Francisco. The 

 capital, Cettinje, has about 2,000 inhabitants. 

 Podgoritza, Dulcigno, Niktchich, and Antivari 

 are somewhat larger. 



The exports are estimated at 2,000,000 florins 

 ($1,000,000) ; they consist of rabbits and hares, 

 cheese, fish, smoked mutton, wool, sumac, 

 wine, fruits, etc. There are 444 kilometres (or 

 228 miles) of telegraphs. 



Ministerial Changes. During the insurrection 

 in the Crivoscie and the Herzegovina in 1882, 

 Prince Nicholas preserved an attitude which 

 the Austrian resident minister, Col. Thom- 

 mel, reported to be perfectly correct, not- 

 withstanding the dispatches of the commander 

 of the Austrian forces, Baron Jovanovich, to 

 the contrary. The sympathy of the Monte- 

 negrins for their kindred in the annexed prov- 

 inces was too strong to allow the Prince to 

 carry out any loyal intentions he may have 

 had of preserving neutrality. The pretended 

 military cordon was a fiction, for fugitives who 

 were disarmed at the frontier were provided 

 with weapons and ammunition again in the 

 interior, and used Montenegrin territory as a 

 base for their raids, until the Austrians estab- 

 lished a cordon on their side, and thus crushed 

 out the rebellion. This formidable frontier 

 guard is permanently maintained. The Aus- 

 trian party in Cettinje was headed by the Voy- 

 vode Mascha Yrebica, Minister of the Interior. 

 The more powerful Russophile party had for 

 its leader Bozo Petrovich, President of the 

 Senate, a cousin of the Prince. The feeling 

 against Austria became more decided when 

 the Prince received in reply to his demand of 

 indemnification for the support of the refugees, 

 the answer from Vienna that he might keep 

 them. The Austrian Government relented to 

 the extent of amnestying all but the leaders of 

 the Herzegovinians, who were glad to return 

 to their fields. But the Crivoscians were left 

 to encumber the scanty resources of the Cer- 

 nagorans. Prince Nicholas, familiarly called 

 Nikita, visited St. Petersburg later in the year, 

 and returned the sworn ally of the Czar. Af- 

 ter his return, the agitators, confined in com- 

 pliance with Austrian demands, were set at 

 liberty. Shortly afterward the Minister of the 

 Interior was dismissed. Bozo Petrovich suc- 

 ceeded him as Minister of the Interior and be- 

 came Minister President. The Minister for 

 Foreign Affairs, Stanko Radonich, and the Fi- 

 nance Minister, Ilija Cerovich, sent in their 

 resignations, but the former was retained. 



