584 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



NOVA SCOTIA. 



over with valuable iron deposits, most of them 

 wholly untouched. Iron exists in workable 

 beds in thirty counties ; but, for convenience, 

 we may group the greater number of the most 

 valuable known mines into four geographical 

 divisions: First, the iron-regions of Granville, 

 Chatham, Guilford and Stokes counties, lying 

 to the north of the center of the State, within 

 reasonable distance of the North Carolina coal- 

 fields. Next the deposits of Gaston, Lincoln, 

 and Catawba counties, lying to the west of the 

 center of the southern border. In the north- 

 west corner of the State, in Ashe, Caldwell, 

 and Mitchell counties, is another series of beds. 

 Finally, in Cherokee county, in the extreme 

 southwest corner of the State, are deposits as 

 yet but little known. 



Copper is found in Person, Granville, Da- 

 vidson, Chatham, and Ashe counties. A large 

 portion of the North Carolina gold-mines, or 

 mines which at the surface carry only gold, 

 grow rich in copper as they approach the 

 water-line, until, in many cases, copper be- 

 comes the metal of greatest value. This is 

 especially true of the gold deposits of Guil- 

 ford, Cabarrus, and Mecklenburg counties. 



Gold-mining is now most actively prosecuted 

 in Davidson county, but is carried on also in 

 Eowan county. 



Finances. The chief items in the receipts 

 are: 



Publictaxes $528,75134 



Tax on bank-stock 8,135 01 



Sale of Confederate States bonds 2,52T 50 



From Western North Carolina Railroad 29,460 00 



Drummers 1 license-tax 55,200 00 



Fees from Secretary of State 6,143 60 



Fertilizers, license-tax 42,000 00 



Tax on insurance companies 13,193 93 



Interest on bonds of Western North Carolina 



Railroad 59,500 00 



Sewing-machine license-tax 2,400 00 



Stationery, from counties 2,725 52 



Other items swell the total receipts to 755,881 44 



DISBURSEMENTS. 



Agricultural Department $48,500 00 



To disabled Confederate soldiers 1,630 00 



Contingent expenses 17,324 00 



Convict account, expense of conveying to Peni- 

 tentiary 8,051 21 



Department of Public Instruction 2,184 80 



Auditor's Department 2,975 96 



Executive Department 4,800 00 



Fugitives from justice 1,955 30 



Insane Asylum, Raleigh 65,500 Oft 



Insane Asylum, Morganton 65,000 00 



Insane Asylum, Goldsboro 28,000 00 



Institutions for Deaf, Dumb, and Blind 84,000 00 



Interest on consolidated debt of the State 88,370 00 



Interest on bonds of Western North Carolina 



Railroad ; 58,555 00 



Judiciary 38,069 09 



Normal schools 6,500 00 



Oxford Orphan Asylum 5,000 00 



Penitentiary 110,000 00 



Public printing 11,999 74 



Quarantine regulations ... 1,451 55 



Roster of State troops in Confederate service . . . 2,018 00 



Department of State 4,843 05 



Treasury Department 6,445 99 



University of North Carolina 12,000 00 



Other items swell the total disbursements to 629,112 37 



The item of $58,555 paid out on account of 

 interest on the mortgage bonds of the Western 

 North Carolina Railroad is offset by the item 

 of $59,50C received from that company for 



that purpose. The item of $29,460 received 

 from the Western North Carolina Railroad is 

 the money paid for the convicts. The actual 

 disbursements were, then, $570,000. 



Education. The receipts from taxation for 

 schools in 1882 were $421,499.89, of which the 

 polls paid $174,732.97, and property $162,095.- 

 88. There was derived from licenses $51,662.- 

 37, from fines and penalties $13,205.98. There 

 was on hand from 1881, $292,628.23. 



There are 463,160 (176,836 colored) children 

 of school age in the State, of whom 233,071 

 (88,236 colored) were enrolled as pupils. This 

 shows an enrollment of only 50 per cent, of 

 the children. The average attendance was 

 only 132,546, or about 28 per cent. The num- 

 ber of schools taught were 3,578 white schools 

 and 1,750 black. The average length of the 

 school terms was three months. The pay of 

 the white teachers averaged $24 a month, and 

 that of the colored teachers $20 a month. The 

 number of teachers was 5,173. 



Congressional Election. On Nov. 20, an elec- 

 tion was held in the first district to fill the va- 

 cancy occasioned by the death of Walter F. 

 Pool. The Democratic candidate was Thomas 

 G. Skinner ; the Republican candidate, Charles 

 C. Pool. Mr. Skinner was elected by a major- 

 ity of 777. Mr. Skinner's seat was contested, 

 on the ground chiefly that he was elected 

 from the new district, and not from the dis- 

 trict in which the vacancy existed. The old 

 district included Bertie, a Republican county, 

 for which Carteret, a Democratic county, had 

 been substituted in the new. 



NOVA SCOTIA, an eastern province of the 

 Dominion of Canada. Area, including Cape 

 Breton, 21,731 square miles. Capital, Halifax. 

 The peninsula is the u Acadia " of early French 

 settlement. Cape Breton island forms part of 

 the province, being separated from it only by 

 the narrow strait of Canso. 



Soil and Climate. Unlike its sister province on 

 the west, Nova Scotia has an excellent soil ; 

 but, also unlike it, possesses a very foggy cli- 

 mate, which renders the ripening of wheat dif- 

 ficult. Neither of these provinces depends on 

 farming for a revenue, or even for anything 

 more than a means of livelihood. Nova Scotia 

 has an equable temperature throughout the 

 year. The chief drawback is the fogs along the 

 Atlantic coast. These are caused by the shore 

 or cold currents from the north encounter- 

 ing the Gulf Stream. The colder waters sink 

 under those of the Gulf Stream, and thus do 

 not affect the climate directly. The ports are 

 open throughout the winter, and ferries run 

 continually to and from Prince Edward island. 



Ports. In order of importance, the ports of 

 Nova Scotia rank as follow : Halifax, Yar- 

 mouth, Pictou, Truro, Sydney, Windsor, An- 

 tigonish, Amherst, Annapolis, Cornwallis, Lu- 

 nenburg, Digby, Weymouth, Pansboro, Locke- 

 port, Arichat, Baddeck, Barrington, Bridge- 

 town, Guysboro, Liverpool, Londonderry, Mar- 

 garetsville, Hawkesbury, Hood, Medway, Shel- 



