OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



599 



found employment as a gardener, then as a vil- 

 lage schoolmaster, then as a clerk, writing at 

 the same time romantic tales taken from Flem- 

 ish history. In 1838 the Anti-French League 

 was started, which aimed to make the Flemish 

 the national language. Conscience's national 

 stories were circulated broadcast. He then 

 changed his subject and manner, and depicted 

 the ordinary life of the people in a style of 

 child-like simplicity. "Evening Hours," u The 

 Executioner's Child," " Rikketikketak," and 

 " The Conscript," are among the best realistic 

 novels that are written in any language. Ap- 

 pointed by the King teacher of Flemish to his 

 children, and receiving a sinecure in the public 

 service, he continued writing, but the fresh- 

 ness and vigor of his first stories were wanting 

 until the loss of his appointment through a 

 change of ministry stimulated his faculties, 

 when he produced "The Martyrdom of a 

 Mother," " The Child-Stealer," and " The Blue 

 House." He was one of the most prolific of 

 modern authors ; the number of his novels 

 was over eighty. Though they are inspired by 

 a political idea, the artistic merit, particularly 

 of his novels of popular life, is of the highest 

 order. Conscience was passionately devoted 

 to the national movement, of which he was the 

 apostle, and was the idol of the people. 



Deschamps, Cardinal, Archbishop of Mechlin, 

 died Sept 30, 1883. He was born in 1810, 

 was a journalist in early life, and took an active 

 part in the movement for Belgian independ- 

 ence. He began the study of theology in 1831, 

 and, after graduating at Louvain, joined the 

 Redemptorists. He became distinguished as a 

 preacher, was head of a monastery, in 1865 

 was consecrated Bishop of Namur, and in 1867 

 Archbishop of Mechlin. He took a leading 

 part in the (Ecumenical Council, and in the 

 election of Pope Leo X. 



Dindorf, Wilhelm, a German philologist, died 

 inLeipsic, August 7, 1883, at the age of 81. 

 He resigned a professorship in Leipsic Univer- 

 sity and devoted himself, .when about thirty 

 years of age, to critical study of the Greek 

 classics. He published critical editions of Aris- 

 tophanes, Demosthenes, and other Greek writ- 

 ers, "Scholia" on Homer, and many other 

 works relating to the literature of ancient 

 Greece. Unsuccessful financial speculations 

 forced him to sell his library in 1879, and 

 preyed on his mind to such an extent as to in- 

 capacitate him for his literary studies. 

 . Doyle, Richard, an English caricaturist, died 

 in London in December, 1883. He was the 

 son of John Doyle, a caricaturist, and was 

 born in London in 1826. His sketches of 

 character in " Punch " contributed greatly to 

 the success of that journal, which he 'left in 

 1850 on account of its attacks on Cardinal 

 Wiseman and the Catholics. The title-page 

 of " Punch " which he designed is still in use. 

 He illustrated many books of humor and fancy, 

 notably "The Continental Tour of Brown, 

 Jones, and Robinson " (1854), "The New- 



comes," " The Fairy Ring," Leigh Hunt's " Jar 

 of Honey," and " In Fairyland." He exhibit- 

 ed many water-color drawings. 



Erk, Lndwig, a German composer, died Nov. 

 30, 1883. He was born Jan. 6, 1807, at Wetz- 

 lar, where his father was organist. He lived 

 in Berlin. As a composer of glees and part- 

 songs, and of music for schools, he was unex- 

 celled. 



Flotow, Friedrich von, a German musical com- 

 poser, died in Darmstadt, Jan. 24, 1883. He 

 was born in 1812, on the estate of his family 

 in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He devoted hi in- 

 self early to music, studying in Paris under 

 Reicha, a famous theorician. The first of his 

 works that was produced on the stage was the 

 "Shipwreck of the Medusa," which obtained 

 a season's success in Paris in 1839-'40. In 

 1844 he produced the opera "Alessandro 

 Stradella," which became a popular favorite, 

 at first in Germany and then in other coun- 

 tries. In 1847 appeared at Vienna the still 

 more popular " Martha." None of Flotow's 

 compositions except these two operas con- 

 tained the elements of permanent success, 

 though refinement and exhilarating gayety 

 characterize all his music. 



Gravez, Theodore, Bishop of Namur, died July 

 16, 1883. He was born at Sivry, in Hai- 

 nault, in 1810. He succeeded Monsignor Des- 

 champs as Bishop of Namur, Dec. 20, 1867. 

 He was the most ardent of the Syllabists, and 

 kept up the conflict against the new ecclesias- 

 tical laws after Pope Leo had instructed the 

 clergy to respect the Belgian Constitution, par- 

 ticularly by an anti-constitutional catechism 

 recently published. 



Gnngl, Josef, a Hungarian musician, died Nov. 

 25, 1883, at Zsambeck, where he was born, 

 Dec. 1, 1810. First distinguishing himself as 

 a player on the oboe, he became a band-mas- 

 ter, and attained a world-wide celebrity as a 

 composer of dance-music, rivaling the compo- 

 sitions of Strauss. He led an orchestra in 

 Berlin, with which he made a tour in the 

 United States, removed to Brunn in 1858, 

 thence to Munich in 1864, and finally to Frank- 

 fort in 1876. 



Halevy, Leon, a French author, died in Sep- 

 tember, 1883. He was born in Paris, Jan. 14, 

 1802. Unable to follow the profession of his 

 choice, that of a teacher, on account of being 

 a Hebrew, he applied himself to literature, and 

 obtained in 1837 a post under the Government 

 as archivist. In his youth he published elegiac 

 poems, in 1827 a " Resume of the History of 

 the Jews." in the same year imitations of the 

 principal foreign poets, in 1834 the poetical 

 drama of "Luther," in 1838 a "History of 

 French Literature," in 1843 and in 1853 collec-' 

 tions of fables, which were "crowned by the 

 Academy, followed by "Greek Tragedy," a 

 collection of translations from the Greek dram- 

 atists, which was also crowned. Among his 

 numerous dramatic compositions are "The 

 Duel," "The Czar Demetrius," "L'Espion," 



