OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



601 



ing his belief in the reforms promised by Napo- 

 leon and Emile Ollivier. For this he was hissed 

 by the students in the university and compelled 

 to suspend his lectures. In July, 1871, he was 

 elected to the National Assembly for the de- 

 partment of the Seine. As secretary of the 

 committee of thirty on the Constitution, he 

 combated the monarchists effectually. He 

 took a prominent part in the debates, voting 

 with the Left Center, in support of Thiers, and 

 in favor of the existing press and education 

 laws. In 1875 he was elected a life Senator. 

 In 1876 he was appointed Administrator of the 

 College of France. In 1877 he resumed his 

 lectures on comparative legislation. He was 

 an earnest advocate of absolute freedom of edu- 

 cation, and, in social questions, believed in the 

 principle of co-operation and approved of the 

 establishment of libraries and similar institu- 

 tions for the working class. Laboulaye was a 

 republican of the old school, whose ideal was 

 presented in De Tocqueville's description of 

 American institutions. He was a stranger to 

 the republican ideas of the modern generation 

 of Frenchmen. His later life was embittered 

 by the antagonism with the Liberals in which 

 he was placed by the educational and anticleri- 

 cal legislation which he opposed in the Senate. 



Lasteyrie, Jules, Marquis de, a French politi- 

 cian, died in Paris, Nov. 15, 1883. He was born 

 Oct. 31, 1810, and was a grandson of Lafay- 

 ette. He was an officer in the army of Dom 

 Pedro. In 1842 he entered the French Cham- 

 ber. He was expelled in 1852 for protesting 

 against the coup d'etat, but was amnestied. He 

 was elected as an opposition candidate in 1869, 

 and sat in the National Assembly of 1871, vot- 

 ing with the Right Center, but afterward join- 

 ing the Left Center and voting for all the new 

 constitutional laws. He was elected Senator 

 for life, Dec. 10, 1875. He wrote a " History 

 of Political Liberty in France." 



Lenormant, Francois, a French archaeologist, 

 in Paris, Dec. 9, 1883, from a malarial 

 affection contracted during explorations in 

 Calabria. He was born Jan. 17, 1837. He 

 was gifted with an extraordinary memory, 

 arid under the tuition of his father, the distin- 

 guished archaeologist, Charles Lenormant, he 

 early developed skill in research. He published 

 a learned essay when only fourteen years old, 

 and at the age of twenty won the numismatic 

 prize of the Academy of Inscriptions. During 

 his archaeological tours he was a witness of the 

 massacres of the Druses in Syria, in 1860, of 

 which he wrote a graphic account. He made 

 important excavations at Eleusis in the same 

 year. In 1874 he was appointed Professor of 

 Archaeology in the National Library. He 

 served as a volunteer in the siege of Paris, and 

 was wounded at Buzenval. He was a profound 

 and original writer on the archaeology of the 

 Bible, was a high authority in numismatics, 

 and wrote with great historical grasp and 

 economical insight of the monetary systems of 

 the ancients. He was especially great as an 



01 r 

 AM 



Assyriologist and investigator in the history. of 

 all the ancient Oriental empires, and wrote 

 numerous monographs on cuneiform syllaba- 

 ries, etc., and general treatises on the ancient 

 history of the East. 



Lopez, Antonio, Marquis of Comillas, a Span- 

 ish financier, died in Barcelona, Jan. 17, 1883. 

 He was born in 1820, in the village of Comil- 

 las, from which he took his title when raised 

 to the hereditary nobility by the King, who 

 visited his castle in 1881. Lopez was born 

 poor, but succeeded early in business, laying 

 the foundation of his fortune, which was esti- 

 mated at the time of his death at $25,000,000, 

 in Cuba. He was the founder of the great 

 Spanish line of transatlantic steamers, and was 

 engaged in the Philippine Tobacco Company 

 and other large commercial undertakings. 



Mahmoud Nedim Pasha, Grand Vizier of Tur- 

 key in the reign of Abdul- Aziz, died in Con- 

 stantinople, May 17, 1883. Under his vizierate 

 the Sultan was encouraged to ignore the Porte. 

 After the decree of insolvency he was virtu- 

 ally exiled. He was recalled in 1879, and 

 made Minister of the Interior. 



Majlath von Szekhely, Georg von, President of 

 the Hungarian Upper House and Chief-Justice 

 of Hungary, was murdered by his servant and 

 an accomplice, March 29, 1883. He was born 

 in 1818, and was appointed to the Diet in 1839 

 and in 1843. He subsequently filled the office 

 of Hungarian Chancellor at Vienna until 1869, 

 in which year he was made President of the 

 Upper House in Pesth. 



Manet, Edonard, a French painter, died April 

 30, 1883, aged 50. He s'tudied under Thomas 

 Couture. In 1863 he offered to the Salon a 

 painting in a new manner, which made a sen- 

 sation in the exhibition of rejected pieces. He 

 spent his life and his fortune in seeking recog- 

 nition for his " impressionist " idea of repro- 

 ducing tones of light, or solving the problem 

 of the transparency of shades. 



Marno, Ernst, an Austrian traveler, died at 

 Fazogl, Africa, Aug. 17, 1883. He was born 

 in Vienna in 1844, and devoted himself to 

 the study of zoology. He visited Abyssinia 

 when 21 years of age, and after remaining 

 in Vienna for two years, returned to Africa, 

 where he spent most of his remaining years. 

 He traveled by way of Sennaar and Fazogl to 

 Fadasi, which had never before been visited 

 by a European, was the first to explore Giraffe 

 river, went to Gondokoro in 1872, accompa- 

 nied Col. Long on an excursion to Mundo and 

 Makraka in 1874, took service under the Bel- 

 gian International Association in 1876, and led 

 a party to Kvakiora from Zanzibar, but re- 

 turned, and, going back to the Soudan, was 

 made Vice-Governor of Galabat by Gen. Gor- 

 don. Reouf Pasha sent him' to Fashoda to 

 check the slave-trade in 1880. 



Martin, Henri, a French historian, died Dec. 

 14, 1883. He was born in St. Quentin, Pi- 

 cardy, Feb. 20, 1810. He early conceived the 

 idea of writing the history of France in a 



