604 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN". 



Riviere, Henri, a French naval officer, chief 

 of the expedition to Tonquin, killed in the 

 fight at Hanoi, May 19, 1883. He was born in 

 Paris, in 1827. He entered the naval acad- 

 emy in 1843, became midshipman in 1845, en- 

 sign in 1849, lieutenant Nov. 29, 1849, and 

 captain of a frigate June 1, 1870. He was in- 

 strumental in suppressing the insurrection of 

 the Kanakas in New Caledonia, and, as com- 

 mander of the French squadron in Tonquin, 

 given the command of the expedition against 

 the Anamites. (See TONQUIN.) Command- 

 ant Riviere was a graceful and original author 

 of novels, as well as a brave and able officer. 

 Of a long list of tales published under various 

 pseudonyms the most successful were "Pier- 

 rot " (1861) and " Cain " (1870). He also 

 wrote two successful plays and two professional 

 treatises, one on the French navy under Louis 

 XV, and one on New Caledonia. 



Sabine, General Sir Edward, an English sol- 

 dier and scientific discoverer, died at Rich- 

 mond, England, June 26, 1883. He was born 

 in Dublin, Oct. 14, 1788, and entered the army 

 in 1803. The only active service he saw was 

 during the American War of 1812, when he 

 commanded the batteries at the siege of Fort 

 Erie. His mind was turned at an early age to 

 physical science, particularly the subject of 

 terrestrial magnetism. He was appointed as- 

 tronomer of the first expedition sent in search 

 of a northwest passage, commanded by Sir 

 John Ross, and accompanied the Parry expe- 

 dition of 1819-'20 in the same capacity. He 

 conducted pendulum experiments near the. 

 equator in 1821-'22, to determine the figure of 

 the earth, and in 1825 was one of a commission 

 appointed to determine the difference in longi- 

 tude between Greenwich and Paris. For many 

 years he carried on privately a series of ex- 

 periments on terrestrial magnetism and the ac- 

 celeration of the pendulum in different lati- 

 tudes. Colonial observatories to determine the 

 dip, intensity, and inclination of magnetism 

 were founded and placed under his direction. 

 He was President of the Royal Society from 

 1861 to 1871, and actively pursued scientific 

 studies till near the close of his life.' 



Safvet Pasha, ex-Grand Vizier of Turkey, died 

 in Constantinople, Nov. 17, 1883. He was 

 born in that city in 1815, and entered the Gov- 

 ernment service in early life. He was secre- 

 tary to the Sultan, and then to the embassy in 

 Paris, became President of the Council of State 

 in 1859, Minister of Commerce and Public 

 Works in 1861, embassador at Paris in 1865, 

 and Minister of Commerce again in 1866. In 

 1868 he was appointed Minister of Education, 

 and during his term of office founded the col- 

 lege at Galata, and introduced other educational 

 reforms. He was Minister of Justice in 1872, 

 Minister of Education again in 1874, and Min- 

 ister of Foreign Affairs in 1875, resigning in 

 1877 on account of a disagreement with the 

 Grand Vizier over the question of a war with 

 Eussia. In 1878 he was again appointed Min- 



ister of Foreign Affairs and signed the Treaty 

 of San Stefano. He was made Grand Vizier in 

 June, 1878, and, when succeeded by Khaireddin 

 Pasha in December of that year, accepted the 

 embassadorship to Paris, resigning in a few 

 months on account of failing health. 



Salamanca, Jose, Marquis of Salamanca, a 

 Spanish financier, died at his villa near Madrid 

 Jan. 21, 1883. He was born in May, 1811. 

 He studied law in the University of Granada, 

 practiced as an advocate, aud was appointed 

 judge in Monovar, and afterward Mayor of 

 Vera. He was elected a member of the Anda- 

 lusian Central Union and sent to the National 

 Cortes in 1837. In Madrid he attracted uni- 

 versal attention by his daring speculations. In 

 1843 he farmed from the Government the salt 

 monopoly, undertaking to maintain the whole 

 establishment of officials and to pay at least 

 seventy million reales a year. He was Finance 

 Minister for two months under Pachec, but re- 

 signed on account of his business, which suf- 

 fered from his absence. He built an entire 

 new quarter in Madrid, which is called after 

 him. After constructing some important rail- 

 roads in Spain, he became interested in railroad 

 enterprises in various countries, and projected 

 also the Valladolid Canal. He possessed exten- 

 sive model and breeding farms. Just before 

 his death he undertook to enlarge the fine old 

 city of San Sebastian, which had many attrac- 

 tions as a bathing-place, but possessed no mod- 

 ern quarter until he recovered the necessary 

 ground from the sea. He was created Marquis 

 of Salamanca and Grandee of Spain in 1866. 

 Since 1837 he had been almost constantly a 

 member either of the Cortes or the Senate. 



Sandean, Jules, a French novelist, died May 

 3, 1883. He was born at Aubusson in 1811, 

 studied in Paris, arid, becoming acquainted 

 with Mme. Dudevant, composed in partnership 

 with her a novel which was published in 1831 

 and signed Jules Sand. They started to com- 

 pose " Indiana " together, but the lady wrote 

 it herself, and the name George Sand, by 

 which she was thereafter known, was placed 

 on the title-page by the publisher. Jules San- 

 deau struck out a line of his own, and wrote 

 many novels and plays, one of which latter, 

 "Le Gendre de M. Poirier," written in col- 

 laboration with Augier, became exceedingly 

 popular. In 1853 Sandeau became one of the 

 curators of the Mazarin Library, and in 1858 

 he was elected to the Academy. 



SchDlze-Delitzseh, Hermann, a German socialist, 

 died in Potsdam, April 29, 1883. He was 

 born in Delitzsch, Aug. 29, 1808. His father 

 was burgomaster of the town. He studied law 

 at Leipsic and Halle, and, after serving as as- 

 sistant judge in Berlin, returned as surrogate 

 to Delitzsch in 1841. His attention was at- 

 tracted to the difficulties of the class of handi- 

 craftsmen about 1843. In 1848 he was chosen 

 to represent his native district in the National 

 Assembly at Berlin, and was made chairman 

 of a committee for the investigation of the dis- 



