650 



PORTUGAL. 



bers. The latter are elected directly by all 

 citizens possessing a net income of $110. The 

 Cortes assembles at stated periods without the 

 intervention of the sovereign, who has no veto 

 on a law passed again after he has sent it back 

 unsigned. New elections are held every four 

 years. All laws relating to the army and to 

 general taxation must originate in the Cham- 

 ber of Deputies. 



The reigning King is Luis I, born Oct. 31, 

 1838, the son of Queen Maria II and of Prince 

 Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg. He succeeded his 

 brother, Pedro V, Nov. 11, 1861. 



The Cabinet resigned in October, and was 

 reconstituted on the 23d of that month as fol- 

 lows : Senhor Fontes Pereira de Mello, Premier 

 and Minister of War; Senhor Barjova Freitas, 

 Minister of the Interior, vice Senhor Ribeiro da 

 Fonseca ; Senhor Barboza Bucage, Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, vice Senhor Serpa Pimentel ; 

 Senhor Lopo-Vaz, Minister of Justice, vice Dr. 

 Marques de Villena; Senhor Hintz Ribeiro, Min- 

 ister of Finance, vice Senhor de Fontes Pereira 

 de Mello; Senhor Penhiro Chagas, Minister of 

 Marine, vice Senhor de Mello Gouvea; Senhor 

 Aguiar, Minister of Public Works, vice Senhor 

 Hintz Ribeiro. 



Area and Population. The area of continental 

 Portugal, which is divided into six provinces, 

 is 36,510 square miles. The population at the 

 census of Jan. 1, 1878, was 4,160,315. The 

 Azores are 966 square miles in area, and have 

 a population of 259,800 ; Madeira and Porto 

 Santo, with an area of 317 square miles, con- 

 tain 130,584 inhabitants. The total population 

 of the kingdom was 4,550,699, of which num- 

 ber 2,175,829 were of the male and 2,374,870 

 of the female sex. The only cities containing 

 more than 100,000 inhabitants were Lisbon, 

 with 246,343, including the suburbs of Belem 

 (30,029 inhabitants) and Olivaes (28,910 inhab- 

 itants) ; and Oporto, with a population of 105,- 

 838. The number of marriages in 1875 was 

 33,095; births, 153,597; deaths, 106,673. 



Colonies. The transmarine possessions of 

 Portugal in Africa and Asia have an aggregate 

 area of 709,469 square miles and an estimated 

 population of 3,306,247 inhabitants. The Cape 

 Verd islands contain 1,650 square miles, and 

 had in 1879 a population of 99,317. Stations 

 in Senegambia, Bissao, and other parts of Guin- 

 ea were reported in 1873 as covering 26 square 

 miles and havinga population of 9,282. Prince's 

 and St. Thomas's islands are 454 miles in ex- 

 tent, and had in 1878-79 a population of 20,- 

 931. Ajuda is 13 miles in extent, with 4,500 

 inhabitants. The possessions in Asia are the 

 colonies in India of Goa, Salsette, Bardes, etc., 

 which were reported in 1881 as embracing 

 1,447 square miles, and containing 419,993 in- 

 habitants, and of Damao and the isle of Diu, 

 158 square miles in extent and containing 61,- 

 474 inhabitants ; Macao and dependencies, cov- 

 ering 28 square miles and containing 68,086 

 inhabitants ; and Timor and Cambing, contain- 

 ing 5,527 square miles and about 300,000 in- 



habitants. The principal possessions of Portu- 

 gal in extent are in equatorial and southern 

 Africa. The area of the dominions on the east 

 coast of Angola, Ambriz, Benguela, and Mos- 

 samedes is given as 312,509 square miles, and 

 the subject population as about 2,000,000 ; the 

 area of Mozambique and dependency, on the 

 other side of the continent, as 382,683 square 

 miles, and the population as 350,000. The de- 

 pendence of Mozambique on the mother-coun- 

 try is very incomplete. The natives treat their 

 white rulers with slight respect. When one 

 of the frequent uprisings takes place, the Por- 

 tuguese retire within the fortifications and 

 wait until the disturbance subsides. The ex- 

 penditures for the government and develop- 

 ment of the colony are not covered by the 

 receipts, although a duty of from 10 to 30 per 

 cent., which it is intended to increase to from 

 30 to 50 per cent., is collected on imports, and 

 an average duty of 2 per cent, on exports, be- 

 sides taxes on sales, an income-tax of 10 per 

 cent., municipal taxes, ete. The complex and 

 oppressive burdens are a hindrance to com- 

 merce. The chief exports are millet, gum- 

 elastic, ivory in small quantities, wax, and tor- 

 toise-shell. All these come from the conti- 

 nent. The island of Mozambique produces 

 nothing but bread-fruit trees and a few palms. 

 The imports consist of cotton goods, pearls, 

 brass utensils, powder, fire-arms, etc. 



Commerce. The total imports in 1882 were 

 of the value of 24,875,000 milreis, against 23,- 

 601,000 in 1881, and 34,948,000 in 1880; total 

 exports, 17,488,000 milreis in 1882, 13,588,000 

 in 1881, and 24,716,000 in 1880. 



The commercial intercourse with the prin- 

 cipal foreign countries was as follows : 



The principal classes of merchandise in 1880 

 were of the following values: 



