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SPAIN. 



and the 3 per cent, securities and guarantees. 

 The entire capital of the debt was reduced 

 from 12,800,000,000 pesetas, as estimated for 

 Jan. 1, 1881, to 6,000,000,000. In accomplish- 

 ing this reform, sanctioned by the law of Dec. 

 9, 1881, Sefior Oamacho, far from .overlook- 

 ing the rights of the foreign holders of the 

 2 per cent, stock, allowed them an additional 

 2 per cent, beyond the price of 50 fixed for 

 the interior, thus compensating them for loss 

 by exchange, and bringing up the value slight- 

 ly in excess of the difference which existed in 

 their favor at the time of emission. The capi- 

 tal of the debt as converted stood as follows : 



Pesetas. 



Foreign debt, at 4 per cent 2,000,000,000 



Redeemable home debt, at 4 per cent 1,750,000,000 



Perpetual home debt, including the railway ob- 

 ligations, at 4 per cent 2,250,000,000 



Total converted debt, at 4 per cent 6,000,000,000 



Under the reform, the annual service of the 

 debt would amount to 237,500,000 pesetas. 

 Not included in the foregoing statement is the 

 estimated amount of obligations incurred on 

 behalf of Cuba, 250,000,000 pesetas. 



Army. The peninsular army of Spain is re- 

 cruited by conscription or by enlistment, every 

 male Spaniard having completed twenty years 

 of age being liable to serve for a period of 

 twelve years: three in the permanent army, 

 three in the first, and six in the second reserve. 

 Immunity from service may, however, be pur- 

 chased for 1,500 pesetas. The period of service 

 in the colonial army is eight years : four with 

 the colors, and four in the reserve. The classi- 

 fication by arms is as follows: 



INFANTRY. 



60 line regiments of 2 battalions each. 



20 battalions of light-infantry (cazadores). 

 140 reserve battalions. 

 140 depot battalions. 



CAVALRY. 



12 regiments of lancers. 

 10 regiments of cazadores. 



2 regiments of hussars. 

 24 regiments of reserve. 

 24 depot squadrons. 



ARTILLERY. 



6 regiments and 1 battalion of foot. 

 8 regiments of horse. 



3 regiments of mountain. 

 6 regiments of reserve. 



PIONEERS. 

 5 regiments of 2 battalions each. 



GUARDIA CIVIL (POLICE FORCE). 

 15 regiments, comprising 780 officers and 14,756 men. 



COAST AND FRONTIER GUARDS. 

 92 companies of foot and 22 sections of horse. 



By a decree, under date of July 18, 1883, the 

 strength of the permanent army was fixed as 

 follows for the year 1883-'84: For home ser- 

 vice, 114,894, including 20,000 officers; for 

 Cuba, 25,653 : for Porto Rico, 8,302 ; for the 

 Philippine islands, 7,870. The infantry corps 

 in Cuba in April, 1883, was as follows : eight 

 line regiments with two battalions of six com- 

 panies each, eight battalions of light-infantry 

 (cazadores) with alike number of companies, 



one battalion of public order, two sections of 

 writers and orderlies, one disciplinary brigade, 

 two regiments of militia, two independent bat- 

 talions, the squadrons of Santa Catalina dp 

 Guaso, and two battalions of guerrillas. These 

 troops were officered by 22 colonels, 41 lieu- 

 tenant-colonels, 124 commandants, 33 cap- 

 tains, 490 first-lieutenants, and 481 second- 

 lieutenants. 



Toward the end of 1883, Gen. Lopez Do- 

 minguez, Minister of War of the Posada-Her- 

 rera Cabinet, introduced a bill into Congress 

 raising the pay of all officers and non-commis- 

 sioned officers, from sergeants to colonels, both 

 inclusive. The opposition press estimated the 

 increase to the budget from this cause at 12,- 

 000,000 ; and the newspapers favorable to the 

 Government, at 3,000,000. The Minister of 

 Finance, however, in reply to a question put 

 to him in Congress, said that there would be 

 no additional charge to the budget. The skep- 

 ticism as to this last statement was great. A 

 journalist suggested, as a possible explanation 

 of Gen. Lopez Dominguez's plan, the proposed 

 reduction of the strength of the permanent or 

 active army by 20,000, in time of peace ; the 

 war budget being maintained at the same level 

 as before the reduction, the saving might be 

 applied to give officers sufficient pay to allow 

 them to live. One thing was, however, stated 

 as certain, namely, that no increase in the ex- 

 penses of the War Department could be sanc- 

 tioned by Congress, unless extraordinary re- 

 sources were provided to meet the outlay. 

 Spain, like Italy, spends 16 per cent, of her rev- 

 enue on the army. 



Navy. The navy was, according to official 

 reports, composed of the following craft in 

 1883: 



FIRST CLASS. 



5 iron-clad frigates.., 



12 screw-frigates 



2 paddle-steamers . . . 



Guns. 

 60 

 220 

 18 



SECOND CLASS. 



5 paddle steamers 12 



10 screw-steamers 86 



2 screw-transports 4 



THIRD CLASS. 



1 iron-clad monitor 8 



1 floating battery. 



26 screw-steamejs 



48 screw-gunboats 5T 



1 paddle-gunboat 



6 paddle steamers 12 



1 screw-transport 2 



4 sailing-vessels 



124 Total... . 462 



The aggregate horse-power of the foregoing 

 craft was 27,986. 



The navy was manned by 14,000 sailors, 7,- 

 033 marine infantry, and a considerable corps of 

 marine artillery, and commanded by 1 admiral, 

 30 vice- and rear-admirals, and 644 subaltern 

 officers of various grades. 



Commerce. The exports and imports of the 

 kingdom, for the quinquennium 1878-'82, were 

 respectively of the values expressed in the sub- 

 joined table : 



