SPAIN. 



739 



In the official returns the values of the item 

 " sundries " are commonly omitted from the 

 tables of imports. Judging from the amount 

 of import duties represented by that item in 

 the customs returns for 1872, namely, 14,720,- 

 000 pesetas, the invoice value of the item they 

 recorded must have been approximately 96,- 

 800,000, which sum, added to the 614,790,798 

 given in the foregoing table, would bring the 

 total value of the imports for the year in ques- 

 tion to 711,590,198. 



The chief imports in 1882 were: 



Pesetas. 

 94,500,000 

 91,750,000 

 61,750,000 

 44,250,000 

 35,500,000 



Cereals 



Cotton and cotton fabrics 



Other fabrics 



Fermented liquors 



Timber 



Machinery 88,000^000 



Sugar 21,000,000 



Iron and ironwares 27,000,000 



Coal 27.800,000 



Animals and animal food 25,000,000 



Drugs, dves, and chemicals 23,000 000 



Hides, skins, etc 16,200,000 



The principal exports were : 



Pesetas. 



Wine ; 297,000,000 



Metals and minerals 190,000,000 



Fruits 58.750,000 



Olive-oil 12,750,000 



Cork-wood and corks 18,200,000 



The subjoined table exhibits the quantities 

 of the various mineral products exported in 

 the years 1881 and 1882: 



The values of the exports to and imports 

 from Germany, Great Britain, France, Belgium, 

 and the United States, for each of the years 

 1878 and 1882, were as follow: 



The foregoing figures, resulting from an 

 analysis of the Spanish Gray-Book, show the 

 exports to Great Britain to have increased 50 



per cent., despite the falling off in wine and the 

 low price of lead in 1882. The imports from 

 England have practically remained stationary 

 in the period here considered, although less 

 than in 1872, 1873, 1874, and 1875, and show- 

 ing no increase over 1877. The exports to 

 France have increased 160 percent.; and the 

 imports 13 per cent. In the exports to Ger- 

 many a slight decline is observed, while the in- 

 crease in the imports therefrom is no less than 

 540 per cent. 



The total value of the imports from Belgium 

 has remained practically without change ; but 

 the imports show an increase of 31 per cent. 

 A considerable development is noticeable in 

 the general commerce with the United States, 

 both the imports from and the exports to that 

 country having increased about 50 per cent. 

 'There is a growing trade between Spain and 

 the Scandinavian countries, with which the 

 final negotiations for a commercial treaty were 

 made early in 1883 : the imports from Sweden 

 and Norway are reported at the annual value 

 of 18,000,000 pesetas, and the exports thereto 

 at 3,000,000. Codfish is yearly imported from 

 Norway into Spain to the amount of some 12,- 

 500,000 pesetas, or about 72 per cent, of the 

 total annual Norwegian catch. 



The total value of the exports from Spain 

 for the month of January, 1883, amounted to 

 57,567,446, against 56,182,978 for the corre- 

 sponding month in 1882. 



The prohibitory import duty on refined pe- 

 troleum in Spain secures a monopoly of that 

 article to native refiners. At Ferrol, in the 

 province of Corunna, a refinery yielding 1,000,- 

 000 gallons annually, has been in operation 

 since 1880 ; and another of longer standing has 

 proved very successful in the city of Corunna. 



A proposed Anglo-Spanish commercial treaty 

 has met with vigorous opposition in the indus- 

 trial centres of Catalonia, while its conclusion 

 has been anxiously desired elsewhere through- 

 out the kingdom. (For details concerning a 

 treaty of commerce with the United States, see 

 page 649 of this volume.) 



Navigation. The shipping movements at the 

 several ports of the kingdom were as follow 

 for 1879, since which year no official returns 

 of this class have been published : 



* Official. 



The merchant navy of Spain, in April, 1883, 

 comprised 1,674 sailing-craft representing a 

 total of 186, 164 tons; and 389 steamers, rep- 

 resenting an aggregate tonnage of 304,192, and 

 an aggregate of 93,923 horse-power. 



Railways. The total length of the railways 

 of Spain on Jan. 1, 1883, was 4, 942 miles; 1,075 

 have been built in the reign of King Alfonso. 



