rse 



TENNESSEE. 



puted in the budget for 1883. 48,382,000 francs; 

 expenditures, 48,674,000 francs ; the net re- 

 ceipts of the cantons in 1876, 39,743,726 francs; 

 of the Confederation, 17,239,733 francs; total, 

 56,983,459 francs; the net disbursements of 

 the cantons, 44,103,073 francs; of the Con- 

 federation, 18,303,499 francs; total, 62,406,572 

 francs. The total assets of the Confederation, 

 Jan. 1, 1883, were 54,664,510 francs, and the 

 total debts 36,457,895 francs, showing a sur- 

 plus of 18,206,615 francs. The total amount 

 of the cantonal debts in 1877 was 252,793,373, 

 and of the assets 456,267,202 francs, making 

 a reproductive public fortune of 203,473,829 

 francs ; or, including the surplus capital of the 

 Confederation at that time, of 208,074,391 

 francs. 



The Army. The Federal army is composed of 

 the regular army (Bundesauszug), to which nil 

 are liable between the ages of twenty and 

 thirty-two, and the reserve (Laudwehr), which 

 comprises all the male citizens between 33 and 

 44 years of age. The effective of the regular 

 army, Jan. 1, 1883, was 114,620; of the re- 

 serve, 90,259 men; total, 205,176. 



Religions Conflict. In 1873 Monsignor Mer- 

 millod, the most active champion of Ultramon- 

 tane doctrines, and one of the most eloquent 

 and successful preachers in Switzerland, per- 

 suaded the Pope to renew the attempts made 

 under his predecessors to separate the united 

 sees of Lausanne and Geneva, and erect Geneva 

 into an independent bishopric. Abbe Mer- 

 millod had built up the flourishing church of 

 Notre Dame, and since 1864 officiated as aux- 

 iliary for Geneva, with the title of a bishop 

 in partibus. The Federal Government refused 

 to sanction the creation of a separate diocese 

 of Geneva. The Holy See then constituted it 

 a Catholic vicariate, and appointed Monsignor 

 Mermillod apostolic vicar. He at once in- 

 stalled himself in the post, and paid no atten- 

 tion to protestations of the Federal Council. 

 The Council then forbade him to discharge any 

 ecclesiastical functions, and upon his continued 

 disobedience issued a decree of banishment, and 

 had him conducted across the frontier. The 



Pope, in an encyclical note, Nov. 21, 1873, 

 denounced the act as infamous, whereupon the 

 Swiss Government, Dec. 12, 1873, broke off 

 diplomatic intercourse with the Vatican. 



The Old Catholic movement was then in its 

 most nourishing stage, and the cantonal au- 

 thorities endowed the schismatic branch with 

 the diocesan subsidies, and attempted to estab- 

 lish it as the state church of the Catholic con- 

 fession in 1876. This National Church, which 

 obtained the official recognition of the Prot- 

 estant legislators, dwindled away, while the 

 strength and zeal of the Catholic community 

 were stimulated. The animosities of the con- 

 flict between church and state subsided to a 

 considerable extent in Switzerland, as in other 

 lands, after the accession of Leo X. The re- 

 establishrnent of the Catholic authorities in 

 Geneva was a public necessity. The see of 

 Lausanne and Geneva was left vacant by the 

 death of the late incumbent in the beginning 

 of 1883. The Pope first prepared the way for 

 the restoration of normal conditions by abol- 

 ishing the office of apostolic vicar, and then, 

 in vindication of the course of the Curia, ap- 

 pointed Monsignor Mermillod Bishop of Lau- 

 sanne and Geneva, announcing that he would 

 reside in Freyburg, so as to avoid the revival 

 of the old controversy. The appointment was 

 at first greeted with violent remonstrances, 

 but the Federal Government rescinded the 

 decree of exile, and the authorities of Vaud, 

 Neufchatel, and Freyburg expressed themselves 

 satisfied with the appointment, though Geneva 

 still objected. He came back as the repre- 

 sentative of a conciliatory policy, and surprised 

 his old enemies by using his authority to re- 

 press the political activity of the clergy, and 

 by favoring the liberal section of the church. 



There were other difficulties between the 

 civil and Catholic ecclesiastical authorities, in 

 the diocese of Ticino and elsewhere. Yet far 

 more exciting was the controversy over the 

 suppression of the missionary meetings and ex- 

 pulsion of the English Salvationists, a question 

 which agitated Switzerland for many months. 

 (See SALVATION ARMY.) 



TARIFF. See page 129 et seq. 



TENNESSEE. State Government. The follow- 

 ing were the State officers during the year: 

 Governor, William B. Bate, Democrat ; Secre- 

 tary of State, D. A. Nunn ; Treasurer and In- 

 surance Commissioner, Atha Thomas ; Comp- 

 troller, P. P. Pickard; Attorney-General, B. J. 

 Lea ; Superintendent of Public Instruction, J. 

 H. Paine; Commissioner of Agriculture, Sta- 

 tistics, and Mines, A. T. McWhirter ; Register 

 of Lands, W. S. Winbourn; Railroad Commis- 

 sioners, J. H. Savage. G. W. Gondon, and J. A. 

 Turley. Judiciary, Supreme Court: Chief- 

 Justice, J. W. Deaderick ; Associates, W. F. 



Cooper, T. J. Freeman, Robert McFarland, and 

 Peter Turney. 



Legislative Session. The Legislature convened 

 on January 1st, and adjourned on March 30th. 

 Among the acts passed were the following: 



To exempt from execution tobacco to the amount of 

 300 pounds, in the hands of the actual producers ; to 

 prevent the sale, loan, or gift of pistol-cartridges ; to 

 prohibit the sale of toy -pistols ; to provide for a more 

 efficient management of public schools, and taxing dis- 

 tricts where there is an incorporated system of public 

 schools ; to protect employe's and day-laborers of cor- 

 porations and partnersnip firms against the insolvency 

 of such corporations and firms ; providing an improved 

 system for the assessment and collection of taxes ; to 



