THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. 



permitted to take a partial course, omitting 

 the advanced studies, and more difficult and 

 critical questions. Among the topics embraced 

 in the regular course are the following: 1. 

 Biblical interpretation, including study of the 

 Hebrew language, exegesis of parts of the 

 Greek Testament and history of manuscripts. 

 2. Theology, including a systematic examina- 

 tion of the proofs of the existence of God, 

 origin and inspiration of the Scriptures, and 

 Jesus Christ, his deity, his humanity, his the- 

 anthropic personality, the atonement, etc. 3. 

 Ecclesiastical history, including study of the 

 ancient, mediasval, and modern Church, 

 schisms, history and development of doc- 

 trines, the Reformation, Reformed Churches, 

 etc. In addition to class recitations from text- 

 books, the student is expected to do much 

 collateral reading, and to prepare essays upon 

 the subjects gone over. The professors of the 

 department also give instruction by lectures. 

 4. Homiletics, or a study of the best methods 

 of preparing and delivering sermons. 5. Prac- 

 tical duties of the pastor. 6. Elocution. In ad- 

 dition to instruction in breathing and voice- 

 culture, particular attention is given to the 

 reading of Scripture and hymns, and to lect- 

 ures on pulpit oratory. 7. Lectureships. Dur- 

 ing the past few years provision has been made 

 in nearly all of the larger institutions for a 

 course of lectures each year, by men who have 

 been successful as ministers and of acknowl- 

 edged eminence in scholarship, on subjects re- 

 lating to preaching, and to the practical work 

 of the pastor. 



The following is a statistical summary, 

 from the latest reports available, January 1, 

 1884, of the theological schools in the United 

 States : 



TIME, STANDARD. 



761 



TDIE, STANDARD AM) COSMOPOLITAN. The 



subject of fixing upon auniform standard of time, 

 with which the local time of all places may be 

 compared, has been discussed for many years. 

 The confusion which may arise from the "exist- 

 ence of so many varying standards of time as 

 now prevail at different meridians has long 

 been recognized by sailors, who, when they have 

 reached a point half-way around the earth from 

 the one whence they started, are accustomed 

 to add a day to their reckoning, or to subtract 

 one, according as they have sailed east or west. 

 The same difficulties exist, but lessened in a 

 degree, in all the continents and in all single 

 countries of considerable extent. They have 

 not, however, forced themselves upon the at- 

 tention of the general public as matters de- 

 manding practical treatment until since the 

 general extension of the railroad systems and 

 telegraph lines. They have been felt with pe- 

 culiar force in the United States, because of 

 the great longitudinal extent of the country, 

 which causes a difference of four hours in time 

 between the Atlantic and the Pacific States, and 

 of the intricacies of the railroad connections. 

 Previous to the adoption of the uniform stand- 

 ards, in November, 1883, the managers of the 

 several railroads in the United States endeav- 

 ored to conform to the local time of the most 

 important or most central stations on their re- 

 spective lines. Sometimes they used one stand- 

 ard to control the running of the trains on one 

 part of their line, and another standard on an- 

 other part. Sometimes they had to arrange for 

 time-connections with other railroads running 

 by standards differing from their own and from 

 one another. It was computed that there were 

 about 75 different standards controlling the 

 moving of the trains in different parts of the 

 country. A traveler going from Boston to 

 Washington would have to set his watch five 

 times in order to keep correct time while on 

 the journey. From Boston to Providence he 

 would be traveling on Boston time; from 

 Providence to New London on Providence 

 time; from New London to New York on 

 New York time ; from New York to Baltimore 

 on Philadelphia time ; and from Baltimore to 

 Washington on Washington time, which is 24 



* Tn several schools as well as this the number of teacher* 

 is not given in reports, 

 t Including Divinity at Harvard, marked "non-sectarian." 



