UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



799 



Clark, who has developed it into one of the 



most important stations in the world for the 



treatment of eggs of the 



Salmonidce brook-trout, 



lake - trout, white - fish, 



rainbow- trout, and Cali- 



fornia salmon. It is es- 



pecially active in the 



propagation of the white- 



fish, having, from 1874 



to 1883, distributed more 



than 20,000,000 eggs and 



upward of 80,000,000 of 



the young of that species. 



Up to 1879 Mr. Clark 



hatched 1,600,000 Cali- 



fornia salmon ; since that 



date the hatching of that 



species at Northville has 



been discontinued. Of the 



landlocked salmon, 104,- 



000 have been hatched ; 



633,000 eggs and 310,000 



young of the brook-trout 



have been shipped; 250,- 



000 eggs and 127,000 



young of the lake-trout 



were distributed ; 247,500 



rainbow-trout were 



hatched and sent out. 



White - fish have been 



planted mostly in the great lakes, but large 



numbers of them have been forwarded, also, 



to Michigan, California, Nevada, Maine, Iowa, 



Minnesota, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Connec- 



ticut, New Jersey, Maryland, New Hampshire, 



North Carolina, Germany, New Zealand, and 



France. Lake-trout eggs have been success- 



fully sent to Germany and France. Brook- 



trout eggs have safely reached Germany, 



France, England, and South America. By the 



aid of refrigeration for retarding the devel- 



opment of white-fish eggs, Mr. Clark expects 



to be able to hatch 500,000,000 annually 



at North ville. The Northville hatchery has 



a series of natural and artificial ponds, in 



which are kept brook- 



trout, rainbow-trout, 



landlocked salmon, 



and lake - trout for 



breeding. In the au- 



tumn of 1882 the Uni- 



ted States Commis- 



sioner built a second 



white-fish hatchery at 



Alpena, Mich., and 



that, without public fish-culture, half of them 

 would be obliged to abandon their calling. 



NORTHVILLE FlSH-HATCHERY. 



The hatchery for Atlantic salmon at Bucks- 

 port, Maine, is under the direction of Charles 

 G. Atkins. The supply of living salmon is ob- 

 tained early in June,' from weirs in the Penob- 

 scot river, on the shores of Verona island. The 

 fish are transported by water in tanks made 

 out of fishing-boats, for more than seven miles, 

 to the ponds adjoining the hatchery, and are 

 there confined until the breeding-season, which 

 is late in October and in November. At the 

 proper time the eggs and milt are taken, and 

 the salmon are released. Since 1871 nearly 

 15,000,000 eggs have been distributed. The 

 Schoodic salmon - breeding establishment, on 

 Grand Lake stream, Maine, is also in charge 



charge of Mr. Clark. 

 This establishment has a nominal capacity for 

 100,000,000 eggs. In the two hatcheries at Alpe- 

 na and Northville there were produced, in the 

 winter of 1883-'84, over 100,000,000 eggs of the 

 white-fish, and the total number of young fish to 

 be placed in the great lakes in 1884, by these and 

 the various State hatcheries, will exceed 225,- 

 000,000. The fishermen of the great lakes admit 



ATLANTIC SALMON 



of Mr. Atkins. Here the fish are intercepted 

 in the stream on their way to their spawning- 

 grounds, and led into inclosures of netting, 

 where they are kept until the supply of eggs 

 is obtained. After that the breeders are car- 

 ried back into the lake and liberated. From 

 1875 to 1883 this establishment distributed 10,- 

 249,500 eggs of the landlocked salmon, and 



