URUGUAY. 



811 



however, this formula expresses in substance 

 the fundamental beliefs of Universalism, while 

 it is happily adapted for use by the brief forms 

 in which its propositions are affirmed," The 

 committee, however, recommended a modifica- 

 tion in the second article of the declaration, by 

 the substitution of the word "save" for "re- 

 store " and of " in " for " to," so that the article 

 should read, " We believe that there is one 

 God, whose nature is love, revealed in one Lord, 

 Jesus Christ, by one Holy Spirit of Grace, who 

 will finally save the whole human family in 

 holiness and happiness." The convention was 

 not satisfied with this proposition, and the re- 

 port was recommitted. A minute was adopt- 

 ed expressing admiration of the character and 

 courage of Martin Luther, and appreciation 

 of the value of the work he did, and recom- 

 mending the participation of Universalists in 

 the celebration of the four-hundredth anniver- 

 sary of his birthday. An additional or assist- 

 ant secretary was appointed, to advance mis- 

 sionary work in the West. 



The Woman's Centenary Association had re- 

 ceived $14,745, and had paid out $9,668. Its 

 work is the maintenance of missions in the 

 United States, Canada, and Scotland. 



The Universalist Historical Society reported 

 2,500 volumes in its library. 



URUGUAY, a republic of South America. Area, 

 69,835 square miles; population, 438,245 ; capi- 

 tal, Montevideo. The President is Gen. Maxi- 

 mo Santos, elected March 1, 1882, after the 

 resignation of Dr. Vidal, for the term of four 

 years. The Consul-General for the United 

 States is H. Estragulas, resident in New York. 



Army. The standing army comprises four 

 battalions of foot, three regiments of horse, 

 and two regiments of artillery, together 4,500 

 men. There is besides a police force of 3,200 

 men, and a national guard of 20,000 men. 



Finances. The public indebtedness stood, on 

 Jan. 1, 1883, as follows: 



Debts redeemable without being liable to interest. $16,970,167 

 Debts originally bearing 12 per cent interest, but 

 subsequently converted into consols bearing 5 

 per cent, interest during three years, and 6 per 



cent, during the subsequent seven 17,143,281 



Debts bearing 2 and 3 per cent, interest during a 

 term of ten years 27,465,756 



Total $61,579,204 



The income in 1883 was $9,920,000, and the 

 outlay $9,925,000. During the summer of 

 1883 Uruguay caused a meeting of its foreign 

 bondholders to be held in London, and an ar- 

 rangement was made to the following effect: 

 The home and foreign debts were acknowl- 

 edged to constitute the following equivalents 

 in English money : 



The consolidation of this joint indebtedness 

 has been effected by leaving the amount due 



foreign creditors as it stands above, but reduc- 

 ing the internal debt, some of which, as shown, 

 bore no interest, by about 60 per cent. The 

 consolidated debt was thus fixed at 11,127,- 

 000, including 851,000 of a new issue. 



A National Bank. Parliament passed the bill 

 creating a national bank. The bank is to be 

 incorporated for forty years, and to have its 

 seat in the city of Montevideo, where it will 

 remain, subject to the laws of the republic. 

 The capital is to be $10,000,000, in shares of 

 $100 each, 50 per cent, to be paid in cash, and 

 the remaining half in two years, unless an 

 earlier call for the same should become im- 

 perative. Branch banks are to be estab- 

 lished. 



The Tariff. During 1883 the Committee on 

 Revision of the Tariff terminated its labors. It 

 proposed a notable raising of the duties, es- 

 pecially on articles imported from France. 



Postal Service. The post-office forwarded, in 

 1883, 1,000,000 ordinary letters, 20,000 regis- 

 tered ones, 70,000 Government dispatches, 

 1,000,000 periodicals; paid out $2,000,000 of 

 money-orders, and collected $140,000 of post- 

 age, there being in operation 294 post-offices. 



Railroads. The railroads in operation in 1883 

 were: 1. The Central of Uruguay, in running 

 order 205 kilometres from Montevideo to Du- 

 razno, 210 to the Yi river, and 32 of branch 

 line to Saa Jose; about to be added, 70 kilo- 

 metres. 2. Ferro-carril del Peste; length of 

 line in operation, 35 kilometres. 3. Ferro- 

 carril del Salto ; out of 181 kilometres to be 

 built, 100 were in 'operation. 4. Ferro-carril 

 del Norte; length of line, 21 kilometres. 



Telegraphs. There were in operation in 1883 

 five lines of telegraph. On Jan. 25, 1883, the 

 Uruguayan Government signed a convention 

 with that of the Argentine Republic, author- 

 izing the former to extend its land lines 

 and establish a new one to connect with 

 the Argentine system on the island of Martin 

 Garcia. 



Telephones. The " Compania Telef6nica" of 

 Montevideo was founded in 1882, and in the 

 year following had a length of line in opera- 

 tion of 360 miles. 



Education. There were in 1883, 688 public 

 and private schools, attended by 42,486 pu- 

 pils, 22,944 of whom were boys and 19,542 

 girls, taught by 1,182 teachers. 



The Press. The Oriental press was repre- 

 sented in 1883 by twenty-one daily news- 

 papers and forty weeklies and magazines, the 

 aggregate circulation being 20,000. 



Cattle and Sheep Show. The Rural Associa- 

 tion of Uruguay held its first cattle and sheep 

 exhibition at Montevideo on Oct. 1, 1883. Pre- 

 miums were awarded to raisers of the finest 

 rams, and it was made apparent that sheep- 

 breeding had made marvelous progress in the 

 Oriental country. 



Live-Stock. So far as the official direct-tax 

 returns show, the live-stock in Uruguay was 

 distributed as follows in 1883 : 



