THE GRASSHOPPKR 20 



5. Study the mouth parts. These are the most dif- 

 ficult of all the external parts to see. Find the fol- 

 lowing parts: 



(a) The upper lip, a two-lobed labrum. 



(b) A pair of blackish horny mandibles, covered by 

 the upper lip. 



(c) A pair of jointed maxillae below the mandibles. 



(d) A two-lobed lower lip, the labium. 



6. The female has at the end of the abdomen, four 

 points called the ovipositor. These are used for making 

 an opening into the ground to receive the eggs. Young 

 grasshoppers are called nymphs, and resemble the 

 adults in every way except that their wings are unde- 

 veloped. 



7. Count the segments of the abdomen. Observe 

 on each side of the abdomen a groove, and just above 

 it a row of breathing spiracles. Observe the thin mem- 

 braneous depression on the first segment of the abdo- 

 men. This is supposed to be the ear. 



8. Observe the eye. Perhaps you can see that it is 

 made up of many divisions. The grasshopper has two 

 compound eyes and three simple eyes. Try to find 

 these. 



9. What other insects belong to the grasshopper 

 family? Are they injurious on the farm? How? 



NOTE. For killing insects, prepare a cyanide bottle 

 as follows: Break potassium cyanide into small pieces 

 and put into the bottom of a wide-mouthed bottle. 

 Avoid the deadly poisonous fumes. Pour over the 



