FEEDS AND FEEDING 93 



times as much carbohydrates as protein. A "wide" ra- 

 tion contains a larger proportion of carbohydrates, and 

 a "narrow" ration, less. The table at the end of the 

 lesson shows how much dry matter, fats, protein, and 

 carbohydrates are in the different reeding stuffs. 



Special uses of the different foods. The protein 

 foods make bone, blood, and muscles. The carbohydrates 

 are the fat producing foods. Carbohydrates make heat 

 for the body. If muscle is to be built up, then protein 

 foods must be fed. If the horses are fed only upon corn 

 and timothy hay in the summer, they are getting too 

 much fat and heat producing food, and not enough mus- 

 cle forming food. Corn and timothy are rich in car- 

 bohydrates. Oats and clover hay are rich in protein food 

 material. In the spring it is muscle and energy that is 

 wanted and not heat and fat. Protein foods are also re- 

 quired to produce wool, milk, and eggs. Young growing 

 animals should be fed plenty of protein foodj with min- 

 eral matter in it, to form bone and muscle. In most 

 foods there is plenty of carbohydrates; the difficulty is 

 to get the protein food in the proper balanced ration. To 

 find the total amount of carbohydrate in any feeding 

 stuff, multiply the fats given by 2V, and add to the car- 

 bohydrates. One pound of fat will produce 2*4 times 

 as much heat as one pound of carbohydrates. The 

 "nutritive ratio" is the proportion of protein to car- 

 bohydrates. To find the nutritive ratio of any ration, 

 divide the total amount of carbohydrates in the ration 

 by the total amount of protein. 



