418 



INDEX 



Anglers, 111, 150, 151 



Anguisfragilis, 250 *, 251 



Annelid theory of vertebrate origin, 



77 *, 78, 79 

 Anseres, 296, 297 

 Anseriformes, 289, 296, 297 

 Ant-bears, 374, 375 * 

 Ant-eaters, adaptations of, 19; toads, 



202; marsupial, 354, 355*, 356; 



Edentate, 374, 375*; scaly, 375*, 



377 



Antelopes, 392 

 Antiarchi, 82, 112, 171, 172 

 Anthropoidea, 346, 378, 380-388 

 Anura, 196-203 

 Apes, 378; New World, 381; Old 



World, 381-384; anthropoid, 381- 



384 



Ape-man, 387 

 Apoda, 184-186 

 Apodes, 111, 140, 141 

 Appendicularia, 59 * (see Larvacea) 

 Apterygiformes, 286, 287 

 Apteryx australis, 285 *, 286, 287 

 Arachnid theory of vertebrate origin, 



79-82 



Arachnid and vertebrate compared, 81 * 

 Arboreal origin of flight, theories of, 



273-275 

 Archceopteryx, 272, 273, 274 *, 275, 276- 



278; A. lithographica, 276, 277 *, 278 * 

 Archseornithes, 276-278 

 Archaic, birds, 289; mammals, 339-344 

 Archegosaurus, 181 

 Archenteron, 47 

 Arctomys candatus, 372 * 

 Arius, eggs of, 164 

 Armadillos, 376 

 Aromochelys odorata, 237 

 Arthrodira, 112, 172 

 Arthropod ancestry of vertebrates, 



theory of, 79-82 

 Artiodactyla, 346, 389-392 

 Ascidia mammillata, 52 * 

 Ascidiacea, 33, 50 *, 51 *, 52 *, 53, 54 *, 



55 *, 56 * 



Ascidise compositae, 55 * 

 Ascidiae lucise, 55, 56 * 

 Ascidian, a typical, 50 *, 51 *; devel- 

 opment of, 52 *, 53, 54 *; colonial, 



55 *, 56 *; tadpole larva of, 52 *, 53 

 Aspidonectes spinifer, 240 *, 241 



Asymmetron, 35, 48 



Asymmetry, of Amphioxus, 48 



Ateles ater, 379 * 



Athecse, 234-235 



Atrial funnel (see Atriopore) 



Atrial cavity, 39, 51 



Atriopore, 39, 50, 51 * 



Atrium, of Amphioxus, 38, 39, 40 * 



Auditory capsules, in Squalus, 114 



Auditory organs, of fishes, 101; of 



Squalus, 118 

 Auk, Great, 302 

 Auricularia larva, 64 

 Autostylic (skull), 125 

 Aves, 33, 69, 260-323; characterized, 



260; compared to aeroplane, 260-265; 



compared with reptiles, 265, 266; 



list of characters of, 266-271; origin 



of, 271-276 



Axial gradient theory, 9-11 

 Axial gradient in development, 9, 10 

 Axis, of polarity (primary axis), 1-3; 



antero-posterior, 1-3; apico-basal, 



1-3; dorso-ventral (secondary axis), 



4 *; bilateral (tertiary axis), 4, 5 * 

 Axolotl, 189, 190 * 

 Aye-aye, 380 



Baboons, 381 



Backward retreat of lower functions, 8 



Badger, 367 *, 368 



Balcena australis, 401 *; B. mysticetus, 



403* 



Balceniceps, beak of, 282 * 

 Balanoglossus, 31, 60, 61 *, 62 *, 63, 65, 



83; B. clavigerus, 62 * 

 Baleen, 403 



Ballistapus rectangulus, 151 * 

 Bandicoots, 355 *, 356 

 Baptanodon, 218 * 

 Baptornis, 279, 281 

 Bartlett, 196, 198 

 Basiliscus americanus, 248 *, 252 

 Basilisk, helmeted, 248 *, 252 

 Bass, 111, 146 

 Bats, 363-365 

 Bat-Fish, 150 



Bathymal Sea Devils. Ill, 151 

 Batoidei, 111, 123-125 

 Bdellostoma, 91 *; eggs of, 164 * 

 Bdellostomidse, 106 

 Beebe, C. W., 273 



