430 



INDEX 



Roller, 306; common, 307 * 



Rorquals, 404 



Ruminantia, 389-392 



Running birds (see Neornithes Ratitae) 



Salamandra maculosa, 189, 190; S. 



atra, 191 



Salamandridse, 188-192 

 Salmofario, 139* 

 Salmon, 111, 138, 139 * 

 Salmonidae, 138, 139 

 Salpa, 58 



Salpians (see Thaliacea) 

 Sand-eel, 111 

 Sapsucker, 309 



Sarcophilus ursinus, 355 *, 356 

 Sargassum fish, 151 

 Sauria, 246-259 

 Sauripterus taylori, pectoral fin of, 



178* 



Saurischia, 219 

 Sauropoda, 220 

 Saw-fish, 111, 123, 125 

 Scales, types of in fishes, 109, 110 

 Sceloporus spinosus, 248 *, 249 

 Sciuromorpha, 371, 372 

 Sciuropterus volucella, 372 * 

 Schizocardium, 62 *, 63 

 Schuchert, G., 335 

 Scolopax rustica, 303 * 

 Scombridse, 147 

 Scorpoenidse, 149 

 Screamer, 296; horned, 296 

 Scyttium canescens, 122; eggs of, 164 

 Scymnognaihus, 215 *, 216 

 Scyphophori, 137 

 Sea-squirts (see Ascidiacea) 

 Sea-horses, 111, 143, 144 *, 145 * 

 Seal, 368, 369 *, 370 

 Sea-lion, 368, 369 *, 370 

 Sea-moth, 144, 145 

 Secretary bird, 298 

 Selachii, 111, 121-123 

 Semon, 167, 168 

 Senescence, racial, 20; internal causes 



of, 22 

 Senescent types of vertebrates, 12, 14, 



15 



Serranus, eggs of, 164 

 Seymouria, 215 *, 216 

 Shark, 13, 17 *, 115 * 

 Shark-sucker, 111, 148 * ? 149 



Sheep, 392 



Shrews, 360, 361 *, 362 



Siluridse, 140 



Siluroid fish, 140 * 



Simia satyrus, 382, 383 * 



Simiidse, 378, 381-384 



Simplicidentata, 371 



Siredon axolotl, 189, 190 * 



Siren lacertina, 193 * 



Sirenia, 346, 396, 397* 



Sirenidse, 194 



Skate, 123, 124 * 



Skeletal rods of branchial basket of 



Amphioxus, 38 

 Skeletal system, of Squalus, 114; of 



Amphibia, 179; of turtle, 227-229; 



of bird, 267, 268* 

 Slow loris, 380 

 Smilodon, 370 * 

 Sminthopsis, 356 

 Snakes (see Ophidia) ; rattle, 256*, 



258; sea, 256 *, 259; venom of, 257; 



coral, 257 

 Solenocytes, 41 * 

 Sparrow, English, 312, 313 

 Spawning, of Amphioxus, 42; of 



lamprey, 94 *; of Amia, 134; of 



Stickleback, 144; of sea-horse, 144 

 Specialized types of verbetrates, 13-15 

 Specializations and adaptations, 15 

 Spelerpes fuscus, 188 *; S. bilineatus, 



189 



Spermaceti, 402 

 Sphenisciformes, 289, 291, 292 

 Sphcnodon, 232, 233 * 

 Sphyrna zygcena, 122 * 

 Sphyrnidse, 121, 122 

 Spinescence, a criterion of racial 



senescence, 21 

 Spiracles, of Squalus, 114; of Polyp- 



terus, 131; of frog larva, 207 

 Spiral valve, of lampreys, 92, of fishes, 



101; of Squalus, 115; of Polyptcrus, 



131 



Spoon-bill, 132 *; 295, 296 

 Squalus acanthias, 113 *-119 

 Squamata, 216, 246-259 

 Stapes, 325 

 Stegocephali, 180-183 

 Stegocephali Leptospondyli, 181 

 Stegocephali Temnospondyli, 181 

 Stegocephali Stereospondyli, 181-182 



