432 



INDEX 



Tunicates (see Ascidiacea) 



Tupaia, 336, 360 



Turdus, foot of, 280 *; beak of, 282 * 



Turkeys, 299 



Turnices, 299 



Turtle, anatomy of, 226-231; external 



characters of, 226-227, 234-242; 



soft-shelled, 240*, 241; snapping, 



235*, 236; pond, 238; sea, 239; 



land, 239; snake-necked, 240 *, 241; 



musk, 237 



Tylopoda, 389, 390, 391 * 

 Tympanic membrane, of Amphibia, 



179; of turtle, 226; of alligator, 243 

 Types of body form in fishes, 97, 98, 



99* 



Typhleps, 258 



Typhlomolge rathbuni, 193 *, 194 

 Tyrannosaurus, 218 *, 219, 220 



Unguiculata, 346, 360-378 



Ungulata, 389-400 



Urochordata, 33, 48, 49 *, 50 *, 51 *, 

 52, 53, 54 *, 55 *, 56 *, 57 *, 58, 59, * 

 60; classification of, 60; characteriza- 

 tion of, 48, 49 



Urodela, 18&-194 



Urogenital system, of fishes, 102; of 

 Amphibia, 33; of turtle, 231; of 

 mammals, 331 



Ursidse, 368 



Ursus, 368, V. gyas, 367 * 



Vampires, 364, 365 * 



Varanops, 215 *, 216 



Varanus albigulares, 250*, 252, 253 



Vertebrae, of Cyclostomes, 88; of 

 myxinoids, 90; of lampreys, 92; of 

 Squalus, 114; of mammals, 326 



Vertebrate phylogeny, 22-30; em- 

 bryological aspects of, 23-25; geolog- 

 ical aspects of, 26-30 



Vertebrates, definition of, 1; chron- 

 ological succession of, 27 *; classifi- 

 cation of, 33 



Vertebral theory of the head, 7 



Viverra civetta, 367 * 



Viverridae, 366 



Vultures, American, 297, 298; Old 

 World, 298 



Wallace, A. R., 203* 



Walrus, 369 * 



Wapiti, 391 * 



Water moccasin, 257 



Whalebone, 403 *, 404 



Whales, 400-404; toothed, 400-403; 



beaked, 402; sperm, 400, 401 *, 402; 



killer, 401 *; southern right, 401 *, 



402; balleen, 403; whalebone, 403, 



404; Greenland right, 404 

 Whale-sharks, 121, 122, 123 

 Wheeler, W. M., 19 

 Whip-poor-will, 308 

 Whip-tailed rays, 123 

 Wiedersheim, R., viii, 103 

 Wilder, H. H., viii, 77, 78, 79, 84, 85, 



189 



Willey, A., 35, 42 



Williston, S. W., 182, 214, 215, 216 

 Wolf, timber, 367 * 

 Wombat, 359 *, 360 

 Woodcock, American, 302, 303 * 

 Woodpeckers, 309 



Xantharpyia, 363, 365 



Yolk-sac, in reptiles, 313 *; in birds, 

 320 *, 321 



Zanclus, 98, 104, 146, 151, 159; 



X. canescens, 147 * 

 Zebra, 392; Burchell's, 393 * 



Printed in the United States of America 



