244 MENTAL CONSTITUTION OF ANIMALS. 



the act to which the metaphysicians have given the name of 

 perception. Gall, however, has shown, by induction from a 

 vast numher of actual cases, that there is a part of the brain 

 devoted to perception, and that even this is subdivided into 

 portions which are respectively dedicated to the reception of 

 different sets of ideas, as those of form, size, colour, weight, 

 objects in their totality, events in their progress or occur- 

 rence, time, musical sounds, etc. The system of mind in- 

 vented by this philosopher the only one founded upon 

 nature, or which even pretends to or admits of that necessary 

 basis shows a portion of the brain acting as a faculty of 

 comic ideas, another of imitation, another of wonder, one for 

 discriminating or observing differences, and another in which 

 resides the power of tracing effects to causes. There are 

 also districts of the brain for the sentimental part of our na- 

 ture, or the affections, at the head of which stand the moral 

 feelings of benevolence, conscientiousness, and veneration. 

 Through these, man stands in relation to himself, his fellow- 

 men, the external world, and his God ; and through these 

 comes most of the happiness of man's life, as well as that 

 which he derives from the contemplation of the world to 

 come, and the cultivation of his relation to it, (pure religion.) 

 The other sentiments may be briefly enumerated, their 

 names being sufficient in general to denote their functions 

 firmness, hope, cautiousness, self-esteem, love of approbation, 

 secretiveness, marvellousness, constructiveness, imitation, 

 combativeness, destructiveness, concentrativeness, adhesive- 

 ness, love of the opposite sex, love of offspring, alimentiveness, 

 and love of life. Through these faculties, man is connected 

 with the external world, and supplied with active impulses to 

 maintain his place in it as an individual and as a species. 

 There is also a faculty, (language,) for expressing, by what- 

 ever means, (signs, gestures, looks, conventional terms in 

 speech,) the ideas which arise in the mind. There is a par- 

 ticular state of each of these faculties, when the ideas of 

 objects once formed by it are revived or reproduced, a pro- 

 cess which seems to be intimately allied with some of the 

 phenomena of photography, when images impressed by re- 



