54 



*22i. Sturnella magna (Linn.). MEADOW LARK. (501.) 

 Eastern North America, breeding from the Gulf States to New Bruns- 

 wick and Minnesota, and wintering from Massachusetts and Illinois 

 southward. With us it is a common summer resident, occurring 

 in reduced numbers during the winter, when it is largely confined 

 to the extensive marshes near the coast. 



*222. Icterus spurius (Linn). ORCHARD ORIOLE. (506.) 

 Eastern North America, breeding from the Gulf States to Massachu- 

 setts and Ontario ; winters in Central America. In this vicinity 

 it is a common summer resident, arriving early in May and remain- 

 ing until September. (See Group, Gallery, between Cases F and G.) 



^223. Icterus galbula (Linn ). BALTIMORE ORIOLE. (507.) 

 Eastern North America, breeding from the Gulf States to New 

 Brunswick, and wintering in Central America. It is here a some- 

 what more common summer resident than the preceding species. 

 It arrives early in May and remains until September. (See Group, 

 Gallery, between Cases D and E.) 



*224. Scolecophagus carolinus(^/&//.) RUSTY BLACKBIRD. 

 (59-) Breeds from New Brunswick and Manitoba northward to 

 Labrador and Alaska ; winters from Virginia southward. It is 

 here a common migrant, passing northward in March, returning 

 in September, and sometimes remaining until late in December. 



*225. Quiscalus quiscula (Linn.). PURPLE GRACKLE ; CROW 

 BLACKBIRD. (511 ) Breeds in the Lower Mississippi Valley, and 

 east of the Alleghanies from Georgia to Massachusetts ; winters in 

 the Southern States. It is here a common summer resident of 

 local distribution, nesting in colonies. It is one of our earliest 

 migrants, arriving from the south with the Red-winged Blackbird, 

 about March i. During the breeding season it is not seen far 

 from the vicinity of its nest, but about July i, when the young are 

 on the wing, they gather in small flocks and wander over the 

 country, pausing wherever they find an abundance of food These 

 flocks gradually coalesce, and in October and November form 

 enormous gatherings numbering thousands of birds. 



226. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus (Ridgw.). BRONZED 

 GRACKLE (511^.) Breeds from Texas to Great Slave Lake, east 

 to the Alleghanies, as far north as Pennsylvania, and north of this 

 eastward to Connecticut and northward to Labrador, wintering 



