136 BIRDS OF SOUTH AFRICA. 



the succeeding still more, till the outermost are reached. 

 Length, about 9" 6'" ; wing, 5" 4"' ; tail, 3" 9'". 



!Le Vaillant says he only found this oriole in its migration ; this being 

 the most southerly point reached by it. It frequented the summits of 

 the highest trees in the forests of Kanrland. 



Mr. Andersson brought a species from Damaraland, agreeing with 

 this in every particular, except in having the tail yellow, with the two 

 centre-feathers black. 0. Auratus is known to be an inhabitant of 

 Tropical Africa ; but it is doubtful if it extends to South Africa. 



257. Oriolus Melanocephalus, Linn.; PL Eni., 



79 ; 0. Galbula, Lath. ; Cuv., Vol. 6, p. 397 ; L'Oriot 

 Rieur, Le Vail., PL 263 ; Oriolus Maderaspatanus, 

 Franke, Ed. Birds, PL 186. 



GENERAL colour, fine orange-yellow ; head, throat, and breast 

 black ; wings black, with broad yellow edges to some of the 

 secondaries ; tail yellow ; with a black patch across the 

 middle. Length, about 9" ; wing, 5|" ; tail, 3" 9'". 



Procured, according to Le Vaillant, among the forests that clothe the 

 sides of the mountains near the " Great Fish " and " Gamtoos " 

 Eivers ; but it is an Indian, . not an African species, and must be 

 classed among Le Vaillanf s fables. 



The Sub-Family, PYCNONOTIN^E, or Bulbuls, 



have the bill usually short, with the culmen curved, and the 

 sides compressed to the tip, which is marginated ; the gape 

 furnished with more or less lengthened bristles ; the nostrils 

 basal, and placed in a short membranous groove ; the wings 

 moderate and rounded ; the tail long, broad, and generally 

 rounded at the end ; tarsi as long as, or snorter than, the 

 middle toe, and generally covered by an entire scale ; the 

 toes moderate ; the outer toe sometimes longer than the 

 inner, and united at the base ; the hind toe long, and strong. 



Genus CRINIGER, Temminck. 



Bill short, strong, broad, and elevated at 'the base, with 

 the culmen curved, and the sides compressed to the tip, 

 which is emarginated ; the gonys short, and slightly ascend- 

 ing ; the gape furnished with very long bristles ; the nostrils 

 basal, and placed in a short, broad groove, with the opening 

 oval and exposed ; the nape is furnished with long slender 

 hairs ; wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth quill 

 nearly as long as the fifth and sixth, which are equal and 

 longest ; tail rather long and broad ; tarsi shorter than the 

 middle toe, and covered in front with an entire scale ; toes 



