WARBLERS 341 



the Oven-bird (Figs. 176, p. 333; 177, and 178, 

 p. 336); while the Large-billed Water-Thrush 

 may be known from the Northern Small-billed by 

 the fact that the Large-billed or Louisiana has a 

 plain throat, and the Small-billed has the throat 

 striped all the way up to the bill; also by the 

 fact that the northern bird is comparatively tame 

 and unsuspicious, while the Louisiana is a wild, 

 shy bird. 



The Warblers may be classified roughly by 

 their levels, although, as birds have wings, it is 

 not safe to say that they will never use them ex- 

 cept by the yard-stick ; and many birds that nest 

 on the ground frequent treetops when migrating. 

 The Oven-bird and Water-Thrushes live largely 

 on the ground ; and near their level, in low 

 bushes, are generally found the Kentucky, Mary- 

 land Yellow-throat, and Red-poll ; while between 

 these and the highest treetop Warblers come the 

 Canadian, Hooded, Chat, Prairie, Redstart, Chest- 

 nut, Wilson's, Yellow Warbler, Yellow-rumped, 

 Black-throated Blue, the Parula, and Magnolia. 

 The treetop Warblers we have not taken up very 

 much, as they are rare and difficult to identify ; 

 but the Blackburnian and Black-throated Green 

 often come under that head. 



The characteristic Warbler song is an indis- 

 tinct trill of little character, but a number of the 

 songs stand out remarkably. Three songs have 

 a marked z-y quality those of Black-throated 



