OBSERVATION OUTLINE 381 



Slender and delicate for probing flower tubes (ex. 

 Hummingbird, Fig. 118, p. 193). 



Short, with wide gape for taking insects (exs. Swal- 

 lows, Fig. 120, p. 193 ; Goatsuckers, Fig. 113, 

 p. 192). 



Hooked for tearing prey (exs. Hawks, Fig. 200, p. 350 ; 

 Owls, Fig. 199, p. 350). 



Crossed for extracting seeds from cones (ex. Crossbill, 

 Fig. 116, p. 193). 



Curved for getting insects from tree trunks (ex. Brown 

 Creeper, Fig. 196, p. 350). 



3. WING. 



Short and round for short flights (exs. Ruffed Grouse 



and Wren, Fig. 18, p. 45). 

 Long and slender for sustained flight (exs. Swift, Fig. 



19, p. 45 ; Swallow, Fig. 102, p. 190). 



4. TAIL. 



Square (ex. White-eyed Vireo, Fig. 208, p. 352). 

 Notched (ex. Pine Finch, Fig. 209, p. 352). 

 Fan-shaped (ex. Ruffed Grouse, Fig. 216, p. 353). 

 Graduated (ex. Mourning Dove, Fig. 12, p. 30). 

 Pointed for bracing (exs. Brown Creeper, Fig. 212, 



p. 353; Woodpecker, Fig. 213, p. 353). 

 Long and forked for steering (exs. Barn Swallow, Fig. 



210, p. 352 ; Swallow-tailed Kite, Fig. 215, p. 353). 

 Short and tipped with spines for bracing (ex. Chimney 



Swift, Fig. 214, p. 353). 



5. FOOT. 



Weak (exs. Kingfisher, Fig. 81, p. 158 ; Swallow, Fig. 



20, p. 50). 



Used only for perching and clinging to walls (ex. 



Chimney Swift, Fig. 7, p. 25). 

 Middle toe greatly elongated (ex. Nighthawk, 



Fig. 104, p. 191). 

 Strong. 



Used for walking (exs. Crow Blackbird, Fig. 48, 



