PLATE O X X V I I I. 



These four oranges are all true Mandarins, purchased at an English shop, given here 

 for purposes of comparison. Each is from a different firm, and probably all come from Spain. 

 They all have the same character; pitted all over with foveoli, and shiny. 



a had the brand of " Vives navarrete ; Oliva." Firm, A. Barraca. 



b was "Mandarina Catarroja; Valencia." Firm, Pedrer. 



c " Mandarine Extra ; Espagne ; Abaran." Firm, D'Ginestar et fils. 



d " Sinibaldo G-utierez ; G-andia ; 60 milms." 



, b, and c were simply enveloped in thin tissue paper, and each orange wrapper had the 

 brand of the firm. 



d, besides a wrapper of tissue paper, had a second one of fine tin foil to each orange. This 

 flat tomato shape is typical of the true Mandarin, when grown in a suitable soil 

 and climate. 



