MANUAL 



OF 



PRACTICAL ANATOMY. 



THE SUPERIOR EXTREMITY. 



Introduction. The superior extremity consists of the 

 brachium or arm, which extends from the shoulder to the 

 elbow ; the antibrachium or forearm, which lies between the 

 elbow and the wrist ; the wrist, which connects the forearm 

 with the hand; and the manus or hand. Belonging to it 

 also are the bones of the shoulder girdle, the clavicle and 

 scapula, by means of which it is articulated with the skeleton 

 of the trunk ; it is also attached to the trunk by means of a 

 number of muscles. The angle which lies between the arm 

 and the upper part of the trunk is the axilla or armpit. 



Surface Anatomy. Before commencing the actual dis- 

 section of any region of the body the student should be 

 quite familiar with the bones of the region, for they are the 

 landmarks by means of which the positions of the soft parts 

 which lie beneath the skin can be defined, both in the dead 

 and in the living body. The outlines of many of the bones 

 and the projecting parts of others can be seen, for they cause 

 prominences on the surface. Many portions of bone which 

 cannot be seen can be felt quite easily when the finger is 

 passed lightly over the places where they lie ; slight pressure 

 must be used in other places where the bones lie more 

 deeply. Some parts of the skeleton, however, can be neither 

 seen nor felt until the soft parts have been removed. 



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