PECTORAL REGION 17 



the true glandular tissue, which consists of cell-lined tubes, 

 and they attach the gland both to the skin and to the deep 

 fascia. The strands which pass to the skin have been called 

 the ligaments of Cooper. 



The stroma and the gland tissue together form a conical 

 mass called the corpus mammce. From the surfaces and borders 

 of the general mass of the corpus mammae many processes 

 of stroma and gland substance project, and in the hollows 

 between the projections is deposited the fat upon which the 

 smooth and rounded contour of the organ depends. 



The portions of the tubes of the gland which form the 

 secretion called milk are grouped together in smaller and 

 larger masses, called lobules and lobes, in the interstices of 

 the fibrous stroma of the gland. The portions of the tubes 

 which carry the secretion towards the nipple are called ducts. 

 The smaller ducts fuse with others to form larger ducts until 

 finally some fifteen or more terminal ducts, called lactiferous 

 ducts, converge towards the base of the nipple. Subjacent to 

 the areola each duct expands into a fusiform dilatation called 

 a lactiferous sinus, then it contracts, traverses the substance 

 of the nipple, and opens on its apex (Figs. 7 and 8). 



In a well-injected subject twigs from the intercostal arteries, 

 and also from the perforating branches of the internal mammary 

 artery, may be traced into the mamma ; and other vessels, 

 called the external mammary branches of the lateral thoracic 

 artery, may be seen winding round the edge of the pectoralis 

 major, or piercing its lower fibres, to reach the gland. 



By means of lymph vessels which issue from it in the 

 neighbourhood of the areola, and from its borders and its 

 deep surface, the mammae is connected with the axillary, the 

 sternal and the infraclavicular lymph glands, and with the 

 lymph vessels of the abdomen (Figs. 9, 14). The lymph vessels 

 are not, as a rule, visible in an ordinary dissecting-room 

 subject, for special methods of preparation are necessary for 

 their proper display, but they must be remembered, because 

 they are of the greatest importance in connection with the 

 spread of any malignant disease which has commenced in 

 the mamma. 



In the male the mamma (mamma virilis) is quite rudi- 

 mentary. The nipple is small and pointed, and the areola 

 is surrounded by sparse hairs, which are never present in the 

 female. 



VOL. i 2 



