74 



THORAX 



each other during the contractions and expansions of the 

 heart. 



The Sterno- costal Surface of the Heart. Before the 



Right common carotid artery 



Inferior thyreoid veins 



/i Left common carotid artery 



Right internal jugular vein 

 Right subclavian artery - 

 Right suhclavian vein - 



Left internal mammary vein 

 Right internal mammary vein 



Cut edge of pericardium 



Superior vena cava* 



Cut edge of serous pericardium 



Aorta 



Bifurcation of pulmonary artery- 

 Right pulmonary artery 

 Superior vena cava' 

 Upper right pulmonary vein 



Lower right pulmonary vein - 



Cut edges of serous 

 pericardium 



Inferior vena cava _ 



Left internal jugular vein 



-Thoracic duct 

 Left subclavian artery 

 Left subclavian vein 



Left phrenic nerve 

 Left vagus nerve 

 Left superior intercostal vein 



Left recurrent nerve 

 Ligamentum arteriosum 



Left pulmonary artery 

 Arrow in transverse sinus 

 of pericardium 

 ,'Left bronchus 

 Left "upper pulmonary vein 



Left lower pulmonary vein 



Fibrous pericardium 

 Serous pericardium 



FIG. 32. The Pericardium and Great Vessels of the Heart. The thoracic 

 organs were hardened in situ by formalin injection. The pericardial 

 cavity was opened by the removal of its anterior wall, the great vessels 

 were divided and the heart was removed. The posterior wall of the 

 oblique sinus is seen between the inferior vena cava and the right 

 pulmonary veins on the right and the left pulmonary veins on the left. 



dissectors disturb the heart, which has been exposed by the 

 reflection of the anterior wall of the pericardium, they should 

 note carefully not only the parts of the heart which are visible, 

 but also their relations to the anterior wall of the thorax. 



