144 THORAX 



(lig. tuberculi costae) (O.T. posterior costo-transverse ligament). 

 In addition to the capsule and its posterior thickening, there 

 are three accessory costo-transverse bands, the anterior and 

 posterior costo-transverse ligaments and the ligament of the 

 neck of the rib. 



Ligamentum Costo-transversarium Anterius. The anterior 

 costo-transverse ligament ascends from the anterior margin of 

 the upper border of the neck of the rib to the lower border 

 of the transverse process above. 



Ligamentum Costotransversarium Posterius. The posterior 

 costo-transverse ligament passes upwards from the posterior 

 part of the upper border of the neck of the rib to the junction 

 of the lamina and the transverse process of the vertebra 

 above. 



Ligamentum Colli Costa. The ligament of the neck of 

 the rib (O.T. middle costo-transverse ligament] connects the 

 posterior aspect of the neck of the rib with the anterior 

 aspect of the transverse process of the vertebra of the same 

 number. 



In the case of the eleventh rib the costo-transverse liga- 

 ments are rudimentary or absent, and in the case of the 

 twelfth rib they are usually entirely absent. 



Intervertebral Articulations. The bodies of the vertebrae 

 are held together by a series of synchondrodial joints, sup- 

 ported anteriorly by an anterior 'longitudinal ligament, and 

 posteriorly by a posterior longitudinal ligament. The vertebral 

 arches, by means of the articular processes, form a series of 

 diarthrodial joints surrounded by articular capsules, each 

 capsule being lined with a synovial stratum. Certain ligaments 

 pass between different portions of the vertebral arches and their 

 processes, viz., the ligamenta flava, between adjacent laminae, 

 and the inter-transverse, the inter-spinous, and the supra- 

 spinous ligaments. 



As the laminae and the spinous processes of the vertebrae were removed 

 by the dissector of the head and neck when the vertebral canal was opened 

 to display the spinal medulla, the ligamenta flava, the inter-spinous and 

 supra-spinous ligaments cannot be seen at present. 



Ligamentum Longitudinale Anterius, The anterior longi- 

 tudinal ligament (O.T. anterior common ligament) is situated 

 in front of the bodies of the vertebrae, extending from the 

 atlas vertebra above to the first piece of the sacrum below. 

 It consists of stout glistening fibrous bands, which are firmly 



