2 3 8 



ABDOMEN 



posterior border of which it sinks, after dividing into several 

 smaller twigs. The testicular veins issue from the testis at 

 its posterior border, and, as they pass upwards, they form, in 

 the cord, a bulky plexus, which is termed the pampinifonn 

 plexus. A single vessel, the spermatic vein^ issues from the 

 plexus, and enters the abdomen through the abdominal in- 

 guinal ring. On the right 

 side it pours its blood into 

 the inferior vena cava ; on 

 the left side it joins the left 

 renal vein. 



The sympathetic fila- 

 ments extend downwards 

 upon the internal spermatic 

 artery. They come from 

 the renal and aortic 

 plexuses. 



The spermatic lymph 

 vessels enter the abdomen 

 through the abdominal in- 

 guinal ring, and join the 

 lumbar glands. 



_ Artery to ductus 

 deferens 

 Internal 

 spermatic artery 



Ductus deferens 



Pampiniform 

 plexus 



Head of 

 epididymis 



Sinus of the epi- 

 didymis 

 Body of epi- 

 didymis 



Testis 



Tail of 

 epididymis 



FIG. 104. Dissection of the Left Sper- 

 matic Cord to show its constituent 

 parts. (From Waldeyer, modified.) 



Dissection. The 

 tunica vaginalis has still 

 to be examined. It is an 

 invaginated sac which 

 surrounds both the 

 testicle and the epididy- 

 mis, which lies at the 

 lateral side of the pos- 

 terior part of the testicle. 

 To demonstrate the 

 extent of the sac make 



a small incision through the anterior part of its wall ; then 

 introduce a blowpipe through the incision and distend the 

 cavity. When the distension is completed it will be seen that 

 the sac is much more extensive than the structures it surrounds. 

 It envelops them everywhere except posteriorly, passes upwards 

 beyond them, on the front of the lower part of the spermatic 

 cord, and also downwards below them for a short distance. 

 Now, with the aid of scissors open the sac by enlarging the 

 incision through which the blowpipe was passed, both upwards 

 and downwards, to the upper and lower limits of the cavity. 

 When the cavity has been laid open the difference between the 

 inner and outer surfaces of the tunica vaginalis will be obvious. 

 The outer surface which was connected with the inner surface 

 of the internal spermatic fascia, by loose areolar tissue, is rela- 



