ABDOMINAL CAVITY 



383 



Calyce 



Pelv 



panded upper end or pelvis at the hilum of the kidney have 

 already been noted. After leaving the gland, it turns down- 

 wards and becomes contracted, so that when it reaches the 

 level of the lower end of the kidney it has acquired the 

 appearance of a 

 cylindrical tube. 



Each ureter ex- 

 tends downwards 

 and medially, on 

 the anterior surface 

 of the psoas major 

 muscle of the same 

 side, to the lower 

 end of the common 

 iliac artery, or the 

 upper end of the 

 external iliac artery ; 

 there it leaves the 

 abdomen proper 

 and enters the 

 pelvis minor, where 

 it will be studied 

 at a later period. 

 As it dips into the 

 pelvis minor the 

 right ureter passes 

 behind the termina- 



r , -i FIG. 181. From a figure by Max Brodel to show 



im > the form of the Pelvis of the Ureter and the 

 Calyces, as well as the relation of the main 

 branches of the Renal Artery to these. The 

 ureter, pelvis, calyces, and arteries were injected 

 with celloidin, and then the kidney substance 

 was removed by means of a digesting fluid. It 

 is, thus, a cast of the pelvis and calyces which is 

 represented, and the cupped appearance of each 

 calyx shows the manner in which the corre- 

 obliquely in front spending renal papilla projects into the calyx. 



of the genito- 



femoral nerve of the same side. The anterior relations 

 of the abdominal parts of the two ureters differ slightly 

 from each other. The right ureter commences behind the 

 descending part of the duodenum, and crosses behind the 

 commencement of the inferior part ; both parts, therefore, 

 separate it from the peritoneum. Below the duodenum 



and the left behind 

 the pelvic colon ; 

 and as it lies on 

 the front of the 

 psoas major muscle 

 each ureter crosses 



