394 ABDOMEN 



anterior longitudinal ligament and the lower right lumbar 

 arteries, and from the anterior border of the psoas major 

 by the right sympathetic trunk. Above the lower border 

 of the second lumbar vertebra it is separated from the 

 aorta by the right crus of the diaphragm. The right renal 

 artery, the right cceliac ganglion, the right suprarenal artery, 

 the right inferior phrenic artery, and the medial part of the 

 anterior surface of the right suprarenal gland intervene 

 between it and the right crus. At its commencement it lies 

 behind the right common iliac artery ; then it is crossed by 

 the root of the mesentery and the superior mesenteric vessels. 

 For a short distance above the root of the mesentery it is 

 in direct relation with the peritoneum. At the level of the 

 third lumbar vertebra it is crossed by the inferior part of the 

 duodenum and the right internal spermatic or ovarian artery. 

 Next, the head of the pancreas and the pancreatico-duodenal 

 arteries are in front of it, and the bile-duct descends in front 

 of its lateral border. Above the head of the pancreas it 

 passes behind the first part of the duodenum, from which it 

 is separated by the portal vein ; then it ascends behind the 

 epiploic foramen ; and, finally, it lies in the vena caval fossa 

 on the posterior surface of the liver, and the hepatic veins 

 open into the uppermost part of it anteriorly. 

 It receives the following tributaries : 



1. The common iliac veins. 



2. The lumbar veins. 



3. The right internal spermatic or ovarian vein. 



4. The renal veins. 



5. The right suprarenal vein. 

 6. The inferior phrenic veins. 



7. The hepatic veins. 



Arterias Iliacse Communes. The two common iliac arteries, 

 which are the terminal branches of the aorta, should next be 

 examined. They arise upon the front of the body of the 

 fourth lumbar vertebra, to the left of the median plane, and, 

 diverging from each other, proceed downwards and laterally 

 upon the vertebral column. After a course of about 50 mm. 

 (two inches), each vessel ends opposite the corresponding 

 sacro-iliac articulation, at the level of the lumbo-sacral 

 articulation, by dividing into an external iliac and a hypogastric 

 (O.T. internal iliac] branch ; the external iliac is the larger 

 of the two branches, and appears to be the continuation of 

 the parent trunk, whilst the hypogastric artery, which was 



