THE TONGUE 



349 



which, termed the vallum, is slightly raised beyond the general 

 surface of the mucous membrane, and forms an annular eleva- 

 tion which encircles the free extremity or summit of the 

 papilla. 



Papilla Fungiformes. The fungiform papillae are much 

 smaller, but are present in much greater numbers. They are 

 found chiefly on the tip and sides of the tongue, but they are 

 scattered, at irregular intervals, over the upper surface also. 

 Each papilla presents a large, full, rounded, knob-like ex- 

 tremity, while it is greatly constricted at the point where it 



M. stylo-hyoideus 



M. digastricus 

 (posterior belly) 



M. digastricus (anterior belly) M. mylo-hyoideus M. genio-hyoideus 

 FIG. 131. Muscles of the Tongue. (From Gegenbaur.) 



springs from the mucous surface. In the living tongue the 

 fungiform papillae are distinguished by their bright red colour. 

 Papillce Conictz, The conical papillae are present in very 

 large numbers. They are smaller than the fungiform variety, 

 and although they are quite visible to the naked eye they 

 can be more conveniently studied with an ordinary pocket 

 lens. They are minute conical projections which taper 

 towards their free extremities, and they occupy the dorsum 

 and sides of the tongue, anterior to the sulcus terminalis. 

 They are arranged in parallel rows which are 'placed close 

 together. On the posterior part of the upper surface the 

 rows diverge from the median sulcus in an antero-lateral 



