244 



ARTICULATA. 



ERECTILE TISSUE.) Thus an aneurism by 

 anastomosis is made to increase by heat, by 

 passion, or by excess of any description, and 

 by the removal of these, or by the application 

 of opposite influences, its growth may be 

 checked, or its pulsation stopped. But when 

 once formed, it remains for ever, unless re- 

 moved by spontaneous ulceration, by adhesive 

 inflammation of the cells, or by operation ; for 

 although, if the general circulation be depressed, 

 that in the tumour will be less active also, yet 

 the structure is there still unaltered and ready 

 to receive the blood and to exhibit all its 

 wonted phenomena whenever the requisite sti- 

 nrilus is applied. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. Cowper, on ossifications or 

 pet re factions of the coats of arteries; Phil. Trans. 

 1703. Stenzel, De steaton.atibus in aorta repertis, 

 Vitteberg, 1723 (Rec. in Halleri Disp. ad Morb. 

 Hist. vol. ii.) Lancisi, De motu cordis et anefc- 

 rysmati'nus, fol. Rom. 1728. Nichols, Obs. on 

 aneurisms ; Phil. Trans. 1728. Petit, Obs. &c. 

 de 1'aneurysme ; Acad. des Sciences de Paris, 

 1736. Arnaud, Obs. on aneurisms, 8vo. Lond. 

 1750, and in Ej. Mem. de Chirurgie, t. i. Hunter, W. 

 Hist, of an aneurism of the aorta, with remarks on 

 aneurisms in general ; Med. Obs. and Inquiries, 

 vol. i. 1755 ; Ej. Sing, observ. on particular aneu- 

 risms, ib. vol. ii. Armiger, A letter to W. Hunter 

 on the varicose aneurism, ib. vol. iv. White, 

 Two letters to W. Hunter on varicose aneurism ; 

 Mcd. Obs. and Inquiries, vol. iv. Monro, Cases 

 of aneurism; Essays physical and literary, vol. iii. 

 Faselius, Dissert, sistens morbos arteriarum, 4to. 

 Jenae, 1757. Langswerth, Theor. Med. de arteri- 

 arum et venar. adfectionibus, 4to. Prag. 1763. 

 Monro, on the coats of arteries, their diseases, &c. 

 in Edinb. Med. Ess. and Obs. vol. ii. Pohl, De 

 ossiiicatione vasorum, Lips. 1774. Heekeren, De 

 osteogenesi praeternaturali, Lugd. Batav. 1797. 

 C/uiritius, De arteria crurali ossea, Vitteberg. 1798. 

 Lanth, Scriptorum Latinorum de anevrysmatibus 

 collectio, 4to. Strasb. 1785. Laue, De arteriarum 

 naorbis, &c. 4to. Lugd. Bat. 1787. Hunter, J. An 

 account of his method of treating aneurism by 

 E. Home ; Trans, of a Society for the Improvement 

 of Med. and Chirurgical Knowledge, vol. i. and ii. 

 1793-1800. Abernethy, in Surg. and Physiolog. 

 Essays, 8vo. Lond. 1793. Guer'm, Mem. sur 

 Tanevrysme ; Journ. de la Soc. de Lyon. t. i. ; Sur 

 la methode de J. Hunter ; Rec. Period, de la Societe 

 de Sante de Paris, an v. t. ii. Caillot, Es-sai sur 

 les anevrysmes : Theses de Paris, an vii. Ayrer, 

 Ueberdie Pulsadergeschwiilste, 8vo. Getting. 1800. 

 Maunoir, Mem. sur 1'anevrysme, 8vo. Genev. 1802. 

 Briot, Sur les tumours formes par le Sang artcriel, 

 8vo. Paris, 1802. Scarpa, Sull'anevrysma, fol. 

 Pavia, 1804 ; Anglice, by Wishart, 8vo. Edinb. 

 1806. Freer, Obs. on aneurism and some diseases 

 of the arterial system, 4to. Birming. 1807. Jones 

 on hemorrhage, Lond. 1810. Pelletan, Mem. sur 

 les anevrysmes ; Clinique Chirnrg. t. i. and ii. 

 8vo. Paris, 1810. Hodgson, on the diseases of 

 arteries and veins, 8vo. Lond. 1815; translated 

 into German, with notes, by Koberw<?in and Krey- 

 sig, Hanover, 1819, and into French by Breschet, 

 Paris, 1819 ; Ejus, Engravings to illustrate some 

 of the diseases of arteries, 4to. Lond. 1815. 

 Lucae, De depositionibus crctaceis intra cordis val- 

 vularum arteriarumque substantial!). Marburg, 

 1815. Lobstein, Mem. sur les ossifications des 

 arteres ; Mem. de la Soc. des Sciences, &c. de 

 Strasbourg, t. i. Shekelton, Dub. Hosp. Reports, 

 v. iii. Spanyenberg , Ueber die Entziindung der 

 arterien, in Horn's Archiv. 1804, Bd v. Meli, Storia 

 d'una angiotid", &c. e consid. gener. intorno 

 all'infiammaz. dei vasi sanguiferi, in Omodei 



Annali universal!, 1821. Dalbant, De 1'artcrtte 

 on inflam. dos arteres, Theses do Paris, 1819. 

 Barde, Observations, &c. inflammation general, 

 des arteres, Revue Mod. Mai 1821. Montesanto, 

 Storia di un arteritide cronica, Annali di Omodei, 



1825. Locatelli, Diss. de angioitide, Paviae, 

 1828. Breschet, Hist, de 1'inflam. des vaissaux, 

 Journ. de Progres. Gendrin, Hist. anat. des in- 

 flammations, 2 torn. Paris, 1826. Dezeimeris, 

 Memoire, &c. Aper9u rapide des dccouvertes en 

 anatomic pathologique, 8vo. Paris, 1829. * 

 Turner, on the sudden spontaneous obstruction of 

 the canals of the larger arteries, and Supplement; 

 Transactions of the Medico-Chirurg. Soc. of Edinb. 

 vol. iii. Syme, Case of obstruction of the arteries 

 from an internal cause ; Edinb. Med. and Surg. 

 Journ. vol. xxix. 1828. * * * * Mamoni, 

 Consid. sugli anevrismi ; Mem. della Societa Ita- 

 liana, t. xviii. Moden. 1820. Fleischer, Aneurys- 

 matis complicati historia, 8vo Dorpat. 1822. 

 Doring, Qusedam circa aneurysmatum pathologiam, 

 8vo. Berl. 1822. Led, Saggio sugli anevrismi in- 

 tf-rni, 8vo. Venez. 1822. Casamayor, Reflex, sur 

 Tanevrysme spontane, 8vo. Paris, 1825. Mayer, 

 De arteriarum regeneratione, 4to. Bonn. 1823. 

 Schonberg, Sul ristabilmento della circolazione 

 nella legatura, &c. dei tronchi delle arterie, Napoli, 



1826. Ebel, De natura medicatrice sicubi arteriae 

 vulneratae et ligatae fuerint, 4to. Giessae, 1826. 

 The papers of Lawrence and Trovers on the ligature 

 of arteries in the 4th, 6th, and 8th volumes of 

 Med.-Chir. Trans. Zhuber, Neue Versuchen an 

 Thieren und deren Resultate uber die Wiederer- 

 zeugung der Arterien, &c. Wien. 1827. Corbin, Des 

 anevrysmes spontanes ; Journ. Univers. t.ii. 1831. 

 Manec, Traite de la ligature des arteres, fol. Paiis, 



1832. Breschet, Mem. sur les anevrysmes in Mem. 

 de 1'Acad. Roy. de Med. t. iii. 1833. Guthrie 

 on the diseases and injuries of arteries, 8vo. Lond. 



1833. Dupuytren, Lesons orales, t. iv. The 

 reader should moreover consult the systematic 

 works of Senac, Corvisart, Burns, Laennec, Kreysig, 

 Bertin, Hope, Bouillaud, and Otto's Compend. of 

 pathological anatomy, by South. 



(W. H. Porter.) 



ARTICULATA (articulus, a joint,) a pri- 

 mary division of the animal kingdom founded 

 by Cuvier,* and characterized by him as follows : 

 " Body jointed externally, corresponding to the 

 divisions of the nervous system internally : a 

 very small brain placed above the oesophagus 

 gives off two filaments which extend along the 

 abdomen and unite together from distance to 

 distance by means of ganglions, which resem- 

 ble as many small brains, from which nerves 

 are given off. The muscular system is disposed 

 on the inside of the rings or segments of the 

 body so as to separate and approximate these 

 segments ; when there are articulated mem- 

 bers, the muscles of these parts are also placed 

 within the hard parts. The divisibility of the 

 body, and the power which the fragments 

 possess of retaining a kind of independent 



* This division was virtually established by Cuvier 

 in his earliest work, the " Tableau Elcmentaire de 

 1'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux/' although it was 

 not denned with that clearness, nor its characters 

 so fully developed as in the Regne Animal. In the 

 "'Tableau Elementaire " the second section of 

 ' white-blooded animals/ including the Insecta and 

 part of the Vermes of Linnaeus, corresponds pre- 

 cisely with Lamarck's division of invertebrate 

 animals, which he first denominated ' Articulosa/ 

 (Hist. Nat. des Animaux sans Vertebr. torn. i. p. 

 454.) 



