336 AVES. 



aorta, even higher than the zone of the gastric don it terminates in two large vessels, one of 



glands. It descends obliquely for a short way, which is distributed upon the left side of the 



and then gives off a branch which soon divides digastric muscle, and the other passes a little 



into two or three others that are spread upon over the tendon, and then divides into two 



the lower part of the oesophagus, and the side arteries, which produce several branches that 



of the zone of the gastric glands, uniting with disappear in the substance of the gizzard, and 



the other arteries of the oesophagus above, and between the digastric muscles and the parietes 



extending downwards upon the posterior side of the ventricle, anastomosing with the vessels 



of the ventricle, and anastomosing with the an- of the posterior side. 



terior gastric artery. The trunk of the coeliac "The superior mesenteric artery (21, Jig. 170) 



now divides into two very large branches, takes its origin from the fore part of the aorta, a 



which from their distribution we have chosen little below the cceliac, and proceeds for some 



to call the posterior and the anterior gastric way without detaching any branches; after 



arteries. which it experiences the same kind of division 



"The posterior gastric artery, almost as soon and subdivision that takes place in mammalia; 

 as it is formed, detaches the splenic 'artery ; and the numerous arteries which are thus ulti- 

 and very soon after it furnishes from the poste- mately produced are spent upon the small intes- 

 rior side of the vessel the right hepatic artery, tines. One of the first and largest branches of 

 This branch proceeds to the right lobe of the the superior mesenteric, however, is allotted to 

 liver, which it enters on the side of the hepatic supply one of the coeca, and to establish a corn- 

 duct; after having divided into two or three munication with the inferior mesenteric and 

 minute arteries on its way to the liver, it sup- gastric arteries. This branch, soon after it 

 plies the hepatic duct with a branch which leaves the trunk of the superior mesenteric, 

 accompanies the duct to the intestine, and is divides into two. One descends upon the rec- 

 there lost. The posterior gastric artery then turn, where it meets with the inferior mesenteric 

 runs down upon the back of the gizzard, and artery, with which it produces a very remark- 

 opposite to the origin of the first intestine it able anastomosis, similar to the mesenteric arch 

 sends off an artery, which proceeds directly to one in the human subject; this united artery sup- 

 of the cceca (in the Fowl), upon which and the side plies the rectum and origin of the cceca. The 

 of the next intestine it is expended, inosculating second portion of this branch of the superior 

 at the end of the ccecum with branches of the mesenteric runs in the space between the last 

 mesenteric artery, which are distributed to the part of the small intestine and the ccecum of 

 adjoining portion of the small intestine. The one side, sending numerous branches to each, 

 posterior gastric then furnishes a large vessel and at the end of the ccecum communicates in 

 which runs upon the gizzard, and divides into a palpable manner with another branch of the 

 two chief branches, which penetrate the sub- superior mesenteric artery, which runs upon the 

 stance of the digastric muscle, in which they adjoining part of the small intestine, 

 are lost. " A branch (22, Arteria spermaticd) arises 



u The next branch of the posterior gastric from the anterior part of the aorta, just below 



artery is the pancreatic. It runs between the the lungs ; it is designed for the nutrition of 



two pancreatic glands, dispensing branches to the organs of generation, and except in the 



each and to the duodenum. After this the season for propagation, it is so small as to 



trunk of the posterior gastric divides into two be discovered with difficulty ; but when the 



branches, which furnish twigs to the muscular testicles become enlarged, it is considerably 



parietes of the ventricle, and run along the increased in size in the male bird, and much 



margins of the upper and lower portions of the more so in the female, when the ovary and 



digastric muscle. Supplying them with nume- oviduct are developed for producing eggs. It 



rous twigs, and anastomosing with the ramifi- nearly equals the superior mesenteric artery 



cations of the other gastric arteries. during the period of laying, in which state we 



" The anterior gastric artery descends to the shall describe it. It is a single artery, like the 

 angle formed by the bulbus glandulosus and coeliac and mesenteric, proceeds at a right angle 

 the gizzard, and there sends off a small branch from the aorta, and soon sends off a branch, 

 which spreads upon the zone of the gastric which goes into the kidney of the left side, to 

 glands, and inosculates with the first ramifica- which it gives some twigs, and afterwards 

 tions of the coeliac, and immediately afterwards emerging*from the kidney, it runs in the mem- 

 it detaches a large artery, which runs round the brane of the oviduct, upon which it is distri- 

 superior margin of the digastric muscle, which buted. After this branch is detached, the 

 it furnishes with many twigs, and communi- artery projects a little farther forwards into 

 cates freely with the corresponding branch of the cavity, and divides into two branches ; one 

 the posterior gastric artery. of these goes to the ovary, in which it ramifies, 



" Three small hepatic arteries take their and furnishes an artery of some size to each of 

 origin from this branch of the anterior gastric, the cysts containing the ova. The other is dis- 

 just as it passes over the highest part of the tributed in numerous branches to the mem- 

 margin of the gizzard ; these vessels enter the brane and superior parts of the oviduct, and 

 fissure in the left lobe of the liver. The ante- inosculates with the other arteries of the 

 rior gastric artery now proceeds along the fore oviduct. It deserves to be remarked, that this 

 part of the gizzard, sending one or two brandies and all the other arteries which are furnished 

 into the muscular substance, and near the ten- to the oviduct have a tortuous or undulating 



