86 
everted and examined, the moisture being first 
wiped off from its surface, under different direc- 
tions of the light, an appearance is observed as 
of a shining surface beset with small brilliant 
grains, as if minutely shagreened. This ap- 
ce is more or less distinct in different 
individuals and most so after death. 
The appearance described is produced by 
numerous papille, considered nervous b 
Ruysch,* and small glands by Miiller,+ and, 
after him, by most other authors. Eble} objects 
to this view of the matter, and asserts that the 
a are quite distinct from mucous glands, 
are the same as the papilla found on other 
mucous surfaces, and that they particularly 
resemble the papille of the mucous membrane 
of the gums ka inner surface of the al nasi. 
Eble, however, adds that these papille present 
themselves in all the mucous membranes in a 
Manner quite analogous to glands, and he 
thinks that the mucus of mucous membranes is 
the uct of the secretion of the papillary 
body. And this is equally applicable to the 
secretion of the palpebral conjunctiva, whence 
it would eg that Miller and Eble really 
_ do not differ in opinion, but only in the terms 
they employ to express it. 
The part where the papillary body appears 
least distinctly is between the edge of the eyelid 
and the groove on the posterior surface above 
mentioned. The palpebral conjunctiva all 
beyond the groove presents the papillary body 
in a more decided form, and the development 
of it goes on increasing to some distance beyond 
the orbital margin of the tarsus. The con- 
junctiva covering the lacrymal caruncle, as also 
the greatest part of the semilunar fold, present 
no papillary body. Towards the lacrymal 
points there is found a great number of pretty 
apparent papille. 
he illary body is very vascular. It is 
the morbid. development of it which constitutes 
the so-called granulations of the eyelids in the 
puro-mucous ophthalmiz ; of which indeed the 
papillary body appears to be the peculiar seat. 
An inflammation suddenly affecting a healthy 
conjunctiva from atmospherical causes is what 
is conventionally called a catarrhal ophthalmia. 
If this be allowed to fall into a chronic state, 
or if the conjunctiva has been affected by a less 
marked inflammatory action for a time, the 
papillary body becomes hypertrophied. In this 
state it forms as it were a new organ ready to 
be affected by a form of disease which a healthy 
conjunctiva is not all at once so prone to as- 
sume. Mere congestion caused by over- 
exertion of the eyes, or by heavy caps and high 
tight collars, as Dr. Vieminckx thinks, together 
with fatigue, exposure, want of cleanliness, 
abuse of stimulating liquors, &c., may give 
» a Thesaurus. 
¢ ahrungssatze iiber die contagidse oder 
agyptische Augenentziindung. Mainz, 1821. 
t Op. cit. p- 9, 29, pl. iand ii, Or the Belgian- 
French translation, ‘* De la Structure et des Mala- 
dies de la Conjonctive. &c. Traduit de l’ Allemand 
par Ed. de Losen de Seltenhoff, M.D. Publié par 
ordre du Ministre dela Guerre. Bruxelles, 1836. 
LACRYMAL ORGANS. 
- 
" 
2 
fe 
rise to this unnatural development of the 
lary body of the conjunctiva, and so predi 
in a particular manner, on the occurrence of ai 
atmospherical influence, to an attack of co 
junctivitis, and that rather of the form of 1 
Egyptian ophthalmia than of a simple ¢ 
sar pithel of the palpebral * 
ithelium of the conjunctiva 
“Tt ‘te extremely diffteult,” says Eble,* 
distinguish this on so fine a membrane, — 
though I have succeeded, by maceration 
boiling water, in detaching it in part fron 
eyelids of an ox, I have not again been able 
convince myself of the exactness of the obs 
vation as I could have wished.” J. F. 
doubted the existence of an epithelium. Et 
says again that he would, however, admit i 
presence on the conjunctiva rather from analo 
than from observation. Here is a good exam} 
of the assistance derivable from the microsec 
two such observers as Meckel and Eble 
with the naked eye to determine the existen 
of a structure which later observers with 
microscope have fully established. We sha 
return to the subject in speaking of the epith 
lium of the conjunctiva bulbi. é 
Sclerotic conjunctiva, conjunctiva sclerotic 
As far as vascularity goes, there is a decic¢ 
difference between this and the fp 
The sclerotic conjunctiva is composed of ; 
chorion or vascular basis of the membran 
covered by epithelium. Valentin} describe 
between the chorion and epithelium n 
structure which he calls papillary. 
The chorion of the sclerotic conjunctiva con- 
sists of irregularly stratified fibres of cellul 
tissue interwoven with bloodvessels — 
nerves. ' 
“ Do the conjunctiva sclerotice and the 
conjunctival pellicle of the cornea also presery 
a papillary body or not?” asks Eble,f in m 
ference to Valentin’s assertion of one. Eble 
admits the structure described by Valentin 
under the name of papillary y between 
the chorion and epithelium of the conjunc 
rtiva bulbi, but thinks, and correctly, that 1 
is a very different thing from the papillary DO 
of the palpebral conjunctiva as ibe 
himself. Valentin’s papillary body of the cot 
junctiva bulbi is a matter of the microscope= 
Eble’s papillary body of the palpebral con 
junctiva, though minute, is still in some de 
gree cognisable to the naked eye. Hypertre 
of the papillary body of the palpebral conjume 
tiva constitutes, as has been said, what is calle 
granular conjunctiva. We never see such a gr 
nular state of the sclerotic conjunctiva. = 
The following is Valentin’s description 
what he calls the papillary body of the conjun 
tiva bulbi:—It is best seen in the human e 
“ when, after several days’ maceration, 1 
loosened and swollen epithelium is careful 
Me 
eCen in 
* Loe. cit. 
+ Repertorium fiir die Anatomie &c, 
pp- 142—300. Berlin, 1837. E 
¢ In medicinischen Jahrbiicher des k. k, Oeste 
reichischen Staates, Neueste Folge, xvi. Band 
p. 73, 
. “Z 
Be 
“eo 
