junctival layer on the cornea than the microsco- 
pical structure of this membrane, for there is 
the greatest resemblance between the structure 
of the sclerotic conjunctiva and the investment 
of the cornea.”* Eble thus retracts the opinion 
he formerly expressed against the existence of a 
conjunctival layer of the cornea. 
xternally the sclerotica overlaps or en- 
croaches on, more or less, the edge of the 
cornea. In certain constitutions,and especially 
in old persons,t I have observed that the 
overlapping part of the sclerotica is thicker and 
more opaque than usual—perhaps also en- 
croaching more extensively on the cornea. The 
conjunctiva covering the overlapping sclerotica, 
especially when the latter is to any considerable 
extent, appears in its independent form with its 
chorion fully developed, and although it ad- 
heres to the subjacent overlapping part of the 
sclerotica very closely by cellular tissue, it by 
no means presents the same intimate union 
with the subjacent structure and the same rudi- 
mentary state which the conjunctival extension 
over the transparent cornea has. In an eye 
before me in which the overlapping sclerotica 
is to some considerable extent at the upper 
edge of the cornea, I easily raised up in a fold 
and then separated by dissection the perfectly 
developed conjunctiva from over the part. The 
conjunctiva covering the overlapping part of the 
sclerotica has a vascular connexion with the 
latter no otherwise than by the anastomoses of 
the proper vessels of each—a vascular con- 
nexion, which iadeed subsists between the scle- 
rotica and conjunctiva elsewhere. The dispo- 
sition just described is connected with a point 
in the pathology of the eye, viz. the bluish 
white ring which is observed to encircle the 
cornea more or less completely in certain inter- 
nal inflammations of the eye, and so frequently 
in what is called arthritic iritis that it has been 
considered a diagnostic of it, but certainly with- 
out just grounds. 
Before explaining the cause of the appear- 
ance, I would request it to be remembered that 
the insertion of the ciliary ligament is at some 
little distance from the apparent margin of the 
cornea; that the vessels which form the red zone 
of the sclerotica in the internal inflammations 
of the eye, and in inflammation of the proper 
substance of the cornea, are vessels which send 
branches inwards to the iris, opposite the ciliary 
ligament, branches outwards to anastomose 
with those of the conjunctiva, and lastly, 
branches which, following the original direc- 
tion, go to be distributed to the proper sub- 
Stance of the cornea. These vessels are not 
apparent in the healthy state, and one set of 
them only may become apparent in inflamma- 
tion. Thus in inflammation of the iris, they 
will be apparent only as far as opposite the in- 
sertion of the ciliary ligament. Between this 
and the clear part of the cornea is the opaque 
overlapping part of the sclerotica, which of 
* Medicinische Jahrbiicher des k. k. oester- 
reichischen Staates ; Neueste Folge. Band xvi. 
+ The arcus senilis, it is to be remembered, is not 
here the question. 
LACRYMAL ORGANS. 
course not being in the way of the progress 
the vessels towards the inflamed part, reme 
white as usual, and the cornea not be 
affected the minute branches to its proper s 
stance remain unenlarged and unseen. He 
the overlapping part of the sclerotica is see 
contrast between the abruptly terminatin 
sclerotic zone on the etter and the tr 
parent cornea (a ing on account 01 
dark phar 9.1 17 it) on the other, fort 
the bluish white ring. . " 
From this explanation the bluish 
round the cornea ought to exist more or | 
all internal inflammations of the eye, w 
obscured by vascularity of the conjuncti 
inflammation of the cornea. So itdoes; 
in persons of otherwise sound constitution” 
not of advanced age, the overlapping sclen 
is so transparent and sometimes also to so $1 
an extent, that it is not strongly contrasted” 
the transparent cornea. It is otherwise the ¢ 
however, in certain persons, especially sucl 
are advanced in life, in whom the encroa 
ment of the sclerotica and fully developed ¢ 
junctiva on the cornea exists to a great det 
and in a very opaque state, that the bb 
white ring appears in the exaggerated disti 
ness which has commonly attracted the n 
of surgeons. : m 
The condition of the eye mene for 
distinct appearance of the bluish-white Th 
round the cornea occurring principally in ¢ 
persons of bad constitution, and these be 
the very persons in whom an internal inflamm 
tion of the eye very often presents 
called the arthritic character, are 
which readily explain the error of sup 
the bluish white ring round the cornea diag) 
ae 
. “1 
CurmMsta 
III.—Lacrymal organs properly so called. 
Under this head are comprchentell 1. r 
secreting lacrymal organs, or the lacrymal gl 
and its excretory ducts. 2. The derivative I 
crymal organs, or the es by which t 
secretions of the lacrymal gland and of t 
conjunctival surface are drawn off é 
nose, viz. the lacrymal points, the lacryr 
canalicules, the lacrymal sac, and nasal duet 
The lacrymal gland and its ducts may 
considered as a branched diverticulum © 
conjunctiva ; the derivative lacrymal organs, 
use the expression of M. De Blainville, 
nothing but the continuation of the conjunet 
and its anastomoses with the olfactive mi 
brane. a 
1. Secreting lacrymal organs. i 
Lacrymal gland,— Glandula lacrymalis; 
La glande lacrymale ; Ital. La glandula t 
male; Germ. Die Thranendrise. ay 
When the lacrymal caruncle was supp 
to filtrate the succus lacrymalis, and the I 
mal points to excrete it, the lacrymal gl 
was called glandula innominata. re 
The lacrymal gland ( Fig. 13) consis 
of two masses, an upper and a lower. T 
upper mass, or glandula _ Su 
rior, lies in the lacrymal fossa, a depr 
* London Medical Gazette, vol. xxiii. p. 817. 
