102 
Jig. 21): the angle of union becomes more acute 
as it approaches towards d. The prominence 
of this angle on the mesial line constitutes 
what is called the pomum Adami, which is 
more developed in the male than in the female 
sex, and becomes more conspicuous after the 
age of puberty; it may be readily felt in the 
living subject. On the four posterior angles 
of the thyroid are situated four cornua, or 
horns ; two superior, 6, b, and two inferior, 
ec, (fig. 21); they appear mere prolong- 
ations of the posterior margins; the superior 
being longer than the inferior are called the 
pt horns; they are articulated to the os 
yoides by ligaments, which allow a motion 
for the approximation and recession of the la-' 
rynx to and from the os hyoides. The inferior 
horns are shorter, curved forwards, and arti- 
culated at their extremities to the cricoid by 
oblique planes, directed forwards and inwards. 
On each wing of the thyroid there are two 
tubercles, one on the superior, and the other on 
the inferior margin (g, g, and h, h, fig 21). 
The superior tubercles are the largest. A small 
ridge passes obliquely across the external sur- 
face of the wings from g to /, extending from 
the base of one tubercle to the other, dividing 
each wing into two unequal segments, of which 
three-fourths are anterior and superior, and 
one-fourth posterior and inferior to the ridge. 
The anterior margin of the ridge gives attach- 
ment to the hyo-thyroid, and lies under the 
sterno-hyoid muscles, and the posterior to the 
inferior constrictor of the pharynx and sterno- 
thyroid muscles. 
The posterior or hollow surface of the angle 
formed by the junction of the ale of the thy- 
roid gives attachment on each side of the me- 
sial line to the thyro-arytenoid ligaments 
(chorde vocales) and muscles. The wings 
are concave internally for the lodgement of the 
thyro-arytenoidei and crico-aryteno.dei laterales 
muscles, and give attachment at their poste- 
rior margins to the membrane of the pharynx. 
The superior margin of each wing is curved 
in the line i, a, i, (fig. 21,) and gives at- 
tachment in its whole length to the thyro- 
hyoid membrane: it is deeply notched at a, 
immediately above the pomum Adami. It is 
less deep, and more broad and round in 
women than in men. 
Near the superior tubercles there is a notch, 
sometimes a foramen for the transmission of 
the superior laryngeal nerve. The inferior 
margin of the thyroid is nearly horizontal, and 
is shorter than the superior: there is a slight 
prominence at a, (fig. 21,) to which is attached 
the crico-thyroid ligament. Between the in- 
ferior tubercles at A, 4, (fig. 21,) and the in- 
ferior cornua, the lower margin is arched rather 
deeply. The posterior surface and margin of 
the wings of the thyroid are ridged, and give 
attachment to several muscles ; it rests against 
the vertebral column, which forms a base to 
the are of the thyroid, and protects the internal 
structure of the larynx. 
The arytenoid cartilages. Syn.: Gr. 
agurasvotsdys, Galen; Lat. Cartilagines ary- 
NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE LARYNX. 
tenoidea ; Fr. Cartilages arytenoides ; Ge 
Giessbeckenknorpel.—The arytenoid cartilay 
are two very irregularly formed bodies, situ 
on the articulating surface of the poste 
inner, and upper margin of the cricoid, (1 
Jig. 20,) in such a manner as to resemb 
mouth of an ewer; hence their name. — 
may be considered of a triangular or py! 
figure, having their bases spread out, (; 
Jig. 22,) and presenting surfaces for the a 
ment of ligaments and the action of mu 
We observe, 1, on their poe as 
triangular concave surfaces, between f a 
(fig. 22,) occupied by the oblique and 1 
“fa 
‘9 
verse arytenoid muscles. 2. Anteriorly, 
vex, triangular surfaces, d, b, (fig. 22,) 
Fig. 22. 
- 
eS 
A side view of the arytenoid carvings 2 
base and position of the crico-arytenoid articu 
oves; b, e, the posterior concave surface ; 
ateral prominence ; f, the corniculum lary 
g, the vertical portion of the cuneiform cartil 
ridges, (6, fig. 27,) for the me 
the superior thyro-arytenoid ligaments. | 
terally, cavities for the insertion of the 
arytenoid muscles, and lodgment of the 
form cartilages, (, g, Jig: rm 4. Inte 
surfaces reciprocally lel, lined with 
cous membrane, which permit their clos 
proximation. 5. Bases, on which are 
curved, oval grooves, a and a, . 22, 
responding to the articulating surfaces ¢ 
cricoid ; there are also on of these 
two prominences, one lateral, (c, jig, 
which gives attachment (/, fig. 27,) t 
crico-arytenoideus lateralis and posticus 
cles; the other anterior, giving atta 
(V, fig. 29) to the inferior thyro-aryt 
ligament. The latter prominence projec 
the vocal tube one-fifth of an inch in the 
and one-seventh in the female. On the) 
mit of the vertical prominences (f, f, fig 
is situated a small appendage called cornic 
laryngis. The arytenoid cartilages hav 
tensive freedom of motion, consisting ¢ re 
tory, round the articulating axis of the ¢ 
O, P (fig. 30); anda sliding motion, 
verse to their axis of articulation < 
int B (fig. 30). : 
P The fs. Shr laryngis—Syn. Capitul 
torini ; tubercles of Santorini ; carti 
corniculis ; Santorinischer Knorpel, 
These are two very small cartilaginous b 
first described by Santorini, from whom the 
rive their name. Their figure is nearly triangt 
with a flat smooth surface at their bases, | 
culated with some freedom of motion 
apices of the arytenoid cartilages. — 
attach! 
a» 
ei) 
rast 
