104 
articulation. The thyroid cartilage is united 
to the os hyoides by three ligaments: the mid- 
dle and two lateral. 1st. The ligamentum 
thyro-hyoideum medium isa lax yellow tissue 
arising from the superior margin of the thyroid, 
and inserted into the inner margin of the os 
hyoides: it is thicker and denser at its middle 
part; its lateral borders are involved with the 
surrounding cellular membrane. The anterior 
surface in its middle is situated immediately 
under the integuments, having its sides co- 
vered by the thyro-hyoidei muscles, (g, fig. 25) 
and its posterior surface corresponding with the 
form of the epiglottis. 2d. The ligamenta 
hyo-thyroidea lateralia are small round liga- 
ments on each side of the larynx, connecting 
the tubercles of the great horns of the os hy- 
oides with the extremities of the superior cor- 
nua of the thyroid cartilage (cc, fig. 24). In 
the substance of these ligaments there are often 
found small osseous or cartilaginous bodies. 
The articulations of the thyroid cartilage 
Fig. 24. 
A mesial section of the larynx, from Lauth, The 
mucous ane and muscles are removed to expose 
the elastic ligaments. 
a, the epiglottis, b, the hyo-epiglottic ligaments; 
c ¢, the lateral thyro-hyoid ligaments ; e, a portion 
of the glosso-epiglottic ligament ; f, the crico-thy- 
roid ligament; gi, the junction of the crico-thy- 
roid, and lateral crico-thyroid ligament; n’, the 
attachment of the lateral crjco-thyroid ii aments 
to the base of the arytenoid cartilage ; n, the elas- 
tic ligament lining the bottom of the ventricles ; 0, 
the superior inner margin of the cricoid cartilage ; 
the lateral ligamentous connection with the inferior 
vocal cord; /, the superjor vocal cord; the right 
arytenoid cartilage, 
NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE LARYNX. 
with the os hyoides are furnished with sy 
vial membranes. “a 
The ligaments of the epiglottis—The 
glottis gives attachment to three ligams 
which contribute to its elasticity and the | 
lity of its position. a 
1. The ligamenticn th iglottideum j 
from the mesial line tae e notch « 
superior angle of the thyroid, and is im: 
into the base of the epiglottis. It bing 
epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage. 2d. 
ligamentum hyo-epiglottideum arises fron 
inner surface of the base of the os hyoi 
fibres passing horizontally are inserted 
the anterior surface of the epiglottis ; its; 
tends to keep the position of the epiglottis 
manently vertical. 3d. The ligamentum gl 
epiglottideum arises from the base of 
tongue ; it lies in the median mucous folds 
tween the tongue and epiglottis, and is inser 
into the anterior surface of the epiglotti: 
mediately above the Higamedtenal laa i 
tideum. Its action is nearly the same ast 
of the last-named ligament, but it is also 
nected with the motions of the base of 
tongue. ; 
Lhe tracheo-cricoidean articulation. — 
lower margin of the cricoid cartilage is 
culated with the first ring of the trachea b 
series of the same ligamentous fibres wh 
connect the rings of the trachea with each ot 
At the anterior mesial base of the cricoid th 
are found additional ligamentous fibres. — 
elastic tissue which connects the larynx 
the trachea permits considerable freedom 
multiplied movements of the neck with 
peding the regular transmission of the atm 
phere. In these movements the first rin 
the trachea passes within the inferior mar, 
the cricoid cartilage. 
The intrinsic articulations of the larynx 
Ist, the crico-thyroid ; 2d, the crico-aryten 
Besides these may be included the articula 
of the arytenoid with the cartilages of Santorii 
The cuneiform cartilages are generally unarti 
lated in man. 
The crico-thyroid articulation.—The i 
cornua of the thyroid are curved forwards 
inwards. Their extremities present oblit 
planes directed inwards and downwards, wi 
are firmly attached by a capsular ligameni 
the oblique discs on the sides of the 
directed upwards and outwards. § 
The ligament of this joint is of an orbic 
form, radiating in oblique fasciculi, the 
terior fibres of which extend nearly to the en 
arytenoid articulation. 4 
The crico-thyroid ligament. Syn. Pyr 
dal, or conoid ligament. Lat. Ligamen 
crico-thyroideum. Fr. Membrane, ou | 
ment thyro-cricoidien moyen. The ¢ 
thyroid ligament is a very thick, sti 
yellow elastic ligament, arising from 
mesial line of the inferior margin of 
thyroid; it then crosses the crico-thyroi 
space, and is inserted into the superior ma 
gin of the cricoid. This ligament supp 
the anterior part of the cricoid cartilage, a 
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