7 ro 
ANIMAL LUMINOUSNESS. 
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| eee Paris, 1564, Kulbel, Diss.de hepatitide, 
| 
ie logique, par Beclard, Paris, 1825. 
* 
x 
a» 
id 
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(W.J. Erasmus Wilson.) 
* [See also Dr. Bright’s admirable paper on 
Abdominal Tumours and Intumescence, in Guy’s 
Hosp. Reports, No, xi.—ED.] 
197 
LUMINOUSNESS, ANIMAL. (Phos- 
phorescence.) An evolution of light from the 
bodies of living animals, independent of the re- 
flection of incident light. 
The animals which possess the property of 
thus emitting light are almost entirely inverte- 
brate, and chiefly marine. We have accayats 
from several naturalists of certain fishes having 
been seen to give out light while in their native 
element, and some have conjectured,—but on 
insufficient grounds,—that all fishes doso. The 
turtle and a species of toad inhabiting Surinam 
have been reported to have the same property ; 
and the eyes of some carnivorous mammals 
appear to emit flashes of light. But we find 
this function constantly and distinctly mani- 
fested only by certain mollusca, insects, crabs, 
annelida, acalephe, and zoophytes. These are 
the following :— 
Mottusca 
Pholas dactylus 
Salpa zonaria 
telesii, Sc. 
Pyrosoma atlanticum 
giganteum, §c. 
Crustacea 
Cyclops brevicornis 
Gammarus pulex 
Cancer fulgens, $c. 
Scyllarus ? 
InsEcTa 
Lampyris noctiluca 
splendidula 
italica 
ignita 
phosphorea 
nitidula 
lucida 
hemiptera 
japonica 
Elater noctilucus 
ignitus 
phosphoreus- 
lampadion 
retrospiciens 
lucidulus 
lucernula 
speculator 
janus 
pyrophanus 
Luminosus 
lucens 
extinctus 
cucujus 
lucifer 
Bupestris ocellata ; 
Chiroscelis bifenestrata 
Scarabeus phosphoricus 
Pausus spherocerus 
Fulgora laternaria* 
serrata 
® Doubts have been expressed by several observers 
with regard to the luminousness of this insect. In 
travelling in the countries of South America where 
it occurs, they have never seen it shine ; but the 
testimony of other naturalists is so decided in 
favour of it being luminous, that we are constrained 
to suppose that the animal may give out light in 
certain seasons of the yearand not in others. There 
can be no doubt, at least, that its congeners above- 
named are tiuly luminous. 
