the orang otang more than the European brain 
_ does, except in the more symmetrical distribu- 
tion of the gyri and sulci. It is not even cer- 
_ tain that this is always the case. We cannot 
_ therefore coincide with the opinion of many 
_ naturalists, who say that the Negro has more 
_ resemblance to apes than Europeans in refe- 
_ rence to the brain and nervous system. It is 
| true that many ugly and degenerate Negro tribes 
on the coast show some similarity in their out- 
_ ward form and inward structure to the ape; for 
_ instance, in the greater size of the bones of the 
_ face, the projecting alveoli and teeth, the pro- 
minent cheek-bones, the recession of the chin, 
_ the flat form of the nose-bones, the projecting 
and strong lower jaw, the position of the fora- 
| men occipitale magnum, the relative greater 
_ length of the ossa humeri and the bones of 
_ the foramen, the flat foot, and in the length, 
breadth, shape, and position of the os calcis. * 
_ * * These points certainly distinguish many 
Negro tribes from the Europeans, but they are 
hot common to all the Negroes of the interior 
of Africa, the greater number of which are well 
| made, and have handsome features.”’* 
_ A series of researches so extensive and con- 
: oh Tes 
SS 
Section in the vertical direction, to show the relation 
_ and mode of connection of the various segments of the 
_ encephalon. ( After Mayo. } 
9, fibres passing to the posterior lobe of the brain; g, 
_ corpus geniculatum externum; x, anterior of the 
corpora quadragemina (nates); b, posterior of cor- 
_ pora quadragemina (testes) ; f, olivary fascicles ; 
@, olivary bodies ; v, ponsVarolii ; p, anterior py- 
* > 7, restiform bodies (forming part of the 
| crus cerebri) ; ¢, processus e cerebello ad testes 
| (cerebro-cerebellar commissure of Solly); c, 
14 um ; 8, spinal cord. 
_ The inferior limit of the encephalon is the 
- The remaining observations of Tiedemann on 
the intellectual condition of the Negro merit atten- 
tive perusal, See also Prichard on the Physical 
NERVOUS CENTRES. (Humay Anatomy. Tue Encepnaton.) 
667 
ducted with so much care, (although the actual 
comparison of the brains themsely-= is yet 
wanting,) cannot allow a doubt to arise as to the 
conclusion which ought properly to flow from 
them. It would appear from them that no 
very marked differences exist between the 
brains of any of the classes of mankind—that 
the same relative inferiority of women to men 
is universally met with—and that a very dimi- 
nutive state of brain may be, when not an ac- 
companiment of idiotcy, either a part of a frame 
originally very small in stature, or a degenerate 
condition consequent upon a life of the lowest 
barbarism, under every possible physical impe- 
diment to the developement of bodily vigour, 
wholly deprived of moral or intellectual cul- 
ture, a state which becomes more and more 
degenerate in each succeeding generation, or, 
lastly, the effect of the mechanical compression 
to which many tribes subject the crania of their 
offspring in early infancy, 
In proceeding to the examination of the hu- 
man encephalon, it seems expedient to pre- 
mise a few observations on the method which 
it is most advisable to adopt for this purpose. 
Fig. 380. 
Ns 
SQ \) \ 
> WSs \\ \ My} 
plane of the occipital foramen. In examining 
History of Mankind, vol. i. p. 197, and vol. ii. 
p- 346. . 
